National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Atomic Structures and Defects in Advanced Materials Laboratory

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articles found
11. Orthorhombic HfO2 with embedded Ge nanoparticles in nonvolatile memories used for the detection of ionizing radiation
Authors: Palade, C; Slav, A; Lepadatu, AM; Stavarache, I; Dascalescu, I; Maraloiu, AV; Negrila, C; Logofatu, C; Stoica, T; Teodorescu, VS; Ciurea, ML; Lazanu, S

Published: NOV 1 2019, DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab352b

Abstract: Trilayer memory capacitors of control HfO2/floating gate of Ge nanoparticles in HfO2/tunnel HfO2/Si substrate deposited by magnetron sputtering and subsequently annealed are investigated for the first time for applications in radiation dosimetry. In the floating gate (FG), amorphous Ge nanoparticles (NPs) are arranged in two rows inside the HfO2 matrix. The HfO2 matrix is formed of orthorhombic/tetragonal nanocrystals (NCs). The adjacent thin films to the FG are also formed of orthorhombic/tetragonal HfO2 NCs. This phase is formed during annealing, in samples with thick control HfO2, in the presence of Ge, being induced by the stress. In the rest of the control oxide, HfO2 NCs are monoclinic. Orthorhombic HfO2 has ferroelectric properties and therefore enhances the memory window produced by charge storage in Ge NPs to above 6 V. The high sensitivity of 0.8 mV Gy(-1) to a particle irradiation from a Am-241 source was measured by monitoring the flatband potential during radiation exposure after electrical writing of the memory.
12. Low value for the static background dielectric constant in epitaxial PZT thin films
Authors: Boni, GA; Chirila, CF; Hrib, L; Negrea, R; Filip, LD; Pintilie, I; Pintilie, L

Published: OCT 11 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51312-8

Abstract: Ferroelectrics are intensively studied materials due to their unique properties with high potential for applications. Despite all efforts devoted to obtain the values of ferroelectric material constants, the problem of the magnitude of static dielectric constant remains unsolved. In this article it is shown that the value of the static dielectric constant at zero electric field and with negligible contribution from the ferroelectric polarization (also called static background dielectric constant, or just background dielectric constant) can be very low (between 10 and 15), possibly converging towards the value in the optical domain. It is also found that the natural state of an ideal, mono-domain, epitaxial ferroelectric is that of full depletion with constant capacitance at voltages outside the switching domain. The findings are based on experimental results obtained from a new custom method designed to measure the capacitance-voltage characteristic in static conditions, as well from Rayleigh analysis. These results have important implications in future analysis of conduction mechanisms in ferroelectrics and theoretical modeling of ferroelectric-based devices.
13. Bi1-xEuxFeO3 Powders: Synthesis, Characterization, Magnetic and Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Surdu, VA; Trusca, RD; Vasile, BS; Oprea, OC; Tanasa, E; Diamandescu, L; Andronescu, E; Ianculescu, AC

Published: OCT 2019, DOI: 10.3390/nano9101465

Abstract: Europium substituted bismuth ferrite powders were synthesized by the sol-gel technique. The precursor xerogel was characterized by thermal analysis. Bi1-xEuxFeO3 (x = 0-0.20) powders obtained after thermal treatment of the xerogel at 600 degrees C for 30 min were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Magnetic behavior at room temperature was tested using vibrating sample magnetometry. The comparative results showed that europium has a beneficial effect on the stabilization of the perovskite structure and induced a weak ferromagnetism. The particle size decreases after the introduction of Eu3+ from 167 nm for x = 0 to 51 nm for x = 0.20. Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed the enhancement of the characteristic emission peaks intensity with the increase of Eu3+ concentration.
14. Fabrication and characterization of Si1-xGex nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study
Authors: Sultan, MT; Maraloiu, AV; Stavarache, I; Gudmundsson, JT; Manolescu, A; Teodorescu, VS; Ciurea, ML; Svavarsson, HG

Published: SEP 17 2019, DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.182

Abstract: Multilayer structures comprising of SiO2/SiGe/SiO2 and containing SiGe nanoparticles were obtained by depositing SiO2 layers using reactive direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS), whereas, Si and Ge were co-sputtered using dcMS and high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS). The as-grown structures subsequently underwent rapid thermal annealing (550-900 degrees C for 1 min) in N-2 ambient atmosphere. The structures were investigated using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy together with spectral photocurrent measurements, to explore structural changes and corresponding properties. It is observed that the employment of HiPIMS facilitates the formation of SiGe nanoparticles (2.1 +/- 0.8 nm) in the as-grown structure, and that presence of such nanoparticles acts as a seed for heterogeneous nucleation, which upon annealing results in the periodically arranged columnar self-assembly of SiGe core-shell nanocrystals. An increase in photocurrent intensity by more than an order of magnitude was achieved by annealing. Furthermore, a detailed discussion is provided on strain development within the structures, the consequential interface characteristics and its effect on the photocurrent spectra.
15. Efficacy of annealing and fabrication parameters on photo-response of SiGe in TiO2 matrix
Authors: Sultan, MT; Gudmundsson, JT; Manolescu, A; Teodorescu, VS; Ciurea, ML; Svavarsson, HG

Published: SEP 6 2019, DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab260e

Abstract: SiGe nanoparticles dispersed in a dielectric matrix exhibit properties different from those of bulk and have shown great potential in devices for application in advanced optoelectronics. Annealing is a common fabrication step used to increase crystallinity and to form nanoparticles in such a system. A frequent downside of such annealing treatment is the formation of insulating SiO2 layer at the matrix/SiGe interface, degrading the optical properties of the structure. An annealing process that could bypass this downside would therefore be of great interest. In this work, a short-time furnace annealing of a SiGe/TiO2 system is applied to obtain SiGe nanoparticles without formation of the undesired SiO2 layer between the dielectric matrix (TiO2) and SiGe. The structures were prepared by depositing alternate layers of TiO2 and SiGe films, using direct-current magnetron sputtering technique. A wide range spectral response with a response-threshold up to similar to 1300 nm was obtained, accompanied with an increase in photo-response of more than two-orders of magnitude. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction were used to analyze the morphological changes in respective structures. Photoconductive properties were studied by measuring photocurrent spectra using applied dc-voltages at various temperatures.
16. Conductance Model for Single-Crystalline/Compact Metal Oxide Gas-Sensing Layers in the Nondegenerate Limit: Example of Epitaxial SnO2(101)
Authors: Simion, CE; Schipani, F; Papadogianni, A; Stanoiu, A; Budde, M; Oprea, A; Weimar, U; Bierwagen, O; Barsan, N

Published: SEP 2019, DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01018

Abstract: Semiconducting metal oxide (SMOX)-based gas sensors are indispensable for safety and health applications, for example, explosive, toxic gas alarms, controls for intake into car cabins, and monitor for industrial processes. In the past, the sensor community has been studying polycrystalline materials as sensors where the porous and random microstructure of the SMOX does not allow a separation of the phenomena involved in the sensing process. This led to conduction models that can model and predict the behavior of the overall response, but they were not capable of giving fundamental information regarding the basic mechanisms taking place. The study of epitaxial layers is a definite improvement, allowing clarifying the different aspects and contributions of the sensing mechanisms. A detailed analytical model of the transduction function for n- and p-type single-crystalline/compact metal oxide gas sensors was developed that directly relates the conductance of the sample with changes in the surface electrostatic potential. Combined dc resistance and work function measurements were used in a compact SnO2(101) layer in operando conditions that allowed us to check the validity of our model in the region where Boltzmann approximation holds to determine the surface and bulk properties of the material.
17. Reduced graphene oxide/TiO2 nanocomposites coating of cotton fabrics with antibacterial and self-cleaning properties
Authors: Stan, MS; Nica, IC; Popa, M; Chifiriuc, MC; Iordache, O; Dumitrescu, I; Diamandescu, L; Dinischiotu, A

Published: SEP 2019, DOI: 10.1177/1528083718779447

Abstract: Textile materials can be easily used as a support for the nano-decoration with active particles in order to gain new features such as self-cleaning, antimicrobial efficiency, water repellency, mechanical strength, color change and protection against ultraviolet radiations. In this context, our present research reports the fabrication and characterization (physico-chemical analysis and surface morphology) of cotton fabrics treated with reduced graphene oxide decorated with two types of TiO2 nanoparticles co-doped with 1% iron and nitrogen atoms (TiO2/rGO NPs) and synthesized in different hydrothermal conditions by a simultaneous precipitation of Ti3+ and Fe3+ ions to achieve their uniform distribution or after a sequential precipitation of these two cations for obtaining a higher concentration of iron on the surface of Ti4+ oxyhydroxide. Further, the antimicrobial efficiency of these TiO2/rGO-treated textiles and their influence on human cells were assessed. We demonstrated the successful development of TiO2/rGO coating of cotton fabrics which are harmless for human skin cells and inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. These findings confirm their great potential as novel graphene-based materials for biomedical and photocatalytic applications and this approach could be used for the large-scale fabrication of innovative self-cleaning and antimicrobial textiles.
18. Effect of slow charged 90 keV Ne8+ ions on zinc ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Trandafir, EV; Caltun, OF; Ciocarlan, R; Pui, A; Hempelmann, R; Diamandescu, L; Cervera, S; Trassinelli, M; Vernhet, D

Published: SEP 2019, DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab3174

Abstract: The present work reports on the effect of slow charged ions irradiation on the structural and magnetic properties of zinc ferrite nanoparticles obtained by coprecipitation method. Results from both the x-ray and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopies confirm the formation of the spinel phase. The structural investigation using x-rays reveals no significant impurity peak and a crystallite size of 9 nm. Particle size of pristine sample is determined to be around 9 nm. Crystallinity and magnetic properties of ferrite sample investigated before and after irradiation process show that electronic excitations inside the material alter the magnetic parameters. Mossbauer Spectroscopy measurements indicate that a fluence of 3*10(14) ions cm(-2) Ne8+ ions of 90 keV are sufficient to induce cation redistribution into zinc ferrite nanoparticles.
19. Formation peculiarities and optical properties of highly-doped (Y(0.86)La(0.09)Vb(0.05))(2)O-3 transparent ceramics
Authors: Kryzhanovska, OS; Baumer, VN; Parkhomenko, SV; Doroshenko, AG; Yavetskiy, RP; Balabanov, AE; Tolmachev, AV; Skorik, SN; Li, J; Kuncser, A

Published: SEP 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.05.111

Abstract: Formation peculiarities of highly-doped (Y(0.86)La(0.09)Vb(0.05))(2)O-3 transparent ceramics have been studied by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy methods. The phase composition evolution of 1.81Y(2)O(3).0.18La(2)O(3)0.01Yb(2)O(3) powder mixtures annealed at the temperatures of 1100, 1200, 1300, and 1400 degrees C has been studied by XRD. It has been shown that Yb2O3 phase dissolves in Y2O3 matrix in the calcination temperature range of 1300-1400 degrees C. Complete dissolution of La2O3 in Y2O3 matrix occurs at temperatures above 1400 degrees C. La3+ ions enter in Y2O3 and Yb2O3 crystal structures simultaneously in the 1200-1300 degrees C range, which leads to a remarkable increase in the volume of the corresponding crystal lattices. The possible reasons for suppressing the crystalline growth of Y2O3 and Yb2O3 cubic phases have been discussed. Finally, (Y(0.86)La(0.09)Vb(0.05))(2)O-3 transparent ceramics have been obtained by solid-state vacuum sintering at 1650-1750 degrees C. Ceramics synthesized at a temperature of 1750 degrees C have been characterized by an in-line optical transmittance of 60% and a homogeneous distribution of constituent components within the volume and along the grain boundaries.
20. Nanoclustered Pd decorated nanocrystalline Zn doped SnO2 for ppb NO2 detection at low temperature
Authors: Somacescu, S; Ghica, C; Simion, CE; Kuncser, AC; Vlaicu, AM; Stefan, M; Ghica, D; Florea, OG; Mercioniu, IF; Stanoiu, A

Published: SEP 1 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.05.033

Abstract: Nanoclustered Pd (2 mol%) was used to decorate Zn doped SnO2 (10 mol% Zn) in order to increase its sensing performances. Zn doped SnO2 built from nanoparticles was prepared by a hydrothermal method using a nonionic surfactant -Brij52 and Tripropylamine (TPA) as co-templates. The presence of well-dispersed Zn2+ ions in the SnO2 matrix leads to a nonstoichiometric surface. Pd was deposited by subsequent wet impregnation using hydrazine as reducing agent. The as obtained powders were deposited as thick layers onto commercial substrates, in order to obtain the sensitive structures. The coexistence of a mixture of valence states (Pd-0, Pd2+ and Pd4+) was highlighted on the surface of the as prepared layers. Several aspects have been followed regarding the Zn and Pd dispersion into the SnO2 matrix: the large scale and low scale morphology (SEM and TEM/HRTEM) in relation with the synthesis route, the obtained crystallographic phases (XRD, SAED) and the way in which the Zn2+ ions are inserted into the SnO2 structure (XRD, XPS, EPR), the spatial distribution of the added chemical elements, Zn and Pd (SEM, STEM, EDS). All these morphological and structural aspects, as well as the Pd surface chemistry, have been correlated with the sensing properties of the nanostructured materials under controlled gas atmosphere. Through this study, we could harvest the specific role of the aforementioned loadings towards selective detection of low NO2 concentrations, between 350 ppb to 5 ppm, at low operating temperature of 100 degrees C, for infield conditions.

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