National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

The content of defects in Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) glass-ceramic materials together with their ordering during crystallization induces ferromagnetic behaviours in these materials. The observed ferromagnetism has to be associated strictly with the GeO4 related defects in the atypical amorphous phase. The photoluminescence of BGO glass-ceramic materials can give useful information about the nature of defects, especially the oxygen vacancies from the GeO4 tetrahedra and Bi4Ge3O12 cubic structures. The concentration of these defects depends on annealing between 600 degrees C and 700 degrees C where orthorhombic and cubic phases coexist. The magnetization at saturation is higher in the samples dominated by the amorphous phase and the strength of the exchange interaction is higher in the samples dominated by the cubic phase, obtained over 700 degrees C, when the GeO4 tetrahedra are rearranged during crystallization together with their oxygen vacancies. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Rare-earth free (RE-free) exchange coupling nanocomposite magnets are intensively studied nowadays due to their potential use in applications demanding stable high-temperature operation and corrosion resistance. In this respect, the FePt alloy system is one of the most actively addressed potential permanent magnet solutions. In FePt alloys, promising magnetic features arise from the co-existence of hard magnetic L1(0) FePt and soft magnetic L1(2) Fe3Pt phases emerged from the same metastable precursor. The present work deals with an in-situ temperature-resolved synchrotron radiation study of the thermal stability, thermal expansion and microstructure evolution in exchange-coupled FePtAgB alloys. The as-cast microstructural state as well as the optimized magnetic behavior are given as reference and correlated to the observed microstructural evolution with temperature. The melt-spun Fe48Pt28Ag6B18 alloy ribbons were examined in situ by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction from ambient temperature up to 600 degrees C. The FePt-Fe3Pt exchange-coupled microstructure achieved by rapid solidification is not significantly altered during the high temperature exposure. The thermal expansion of the FePt L1(0) unit cell has been found to be strongly anisotropic, being essentially an in-plane expansion which may be seen as an anisotropic invar effect. For the FePt L1(0) phase, a significant deviation from linear thermal expansion is observed at the Curie temperature T-C = 477 degrees C. This non-linear behavior above T-C is tentatively linked to a diffusion/segregation mechanism of Ag. The promising hard magnetic properties as well as the direct formation of the L1(0) phase from the as-cast state are directly related to the presence of Ag in the intergranular regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The - highly remarkable - existence of non-congruent yet vibrationally isospectral shapes has been first proved theoretically and then also tested experimentally - by using electromagnetic waves in cavities, vibrating smectic films or electrons in nanostructures. In this context, we address the question whether isospectrality holds if two or more electrons interact electrostatically, using the accurate configuration-interaction method, in a discrete representation of the Bilby and Hawk shapes. Isospectral pairs offer an unique possibility to test how identical sets of single-particle energies may combine differently in the few-electrons eigenmodes, due to different wave functions spatial distributions. Our results point towards the break down of isospectrality in the presence of interactions. Thus one should be able to "hear" the shapes of few electrons quantum drums. Interestingly however, for the analyzed two and three electrons cases, there exists an interaction strength (which can be tuned by changing the size of the shapes), for which the ground states energies of Bilby and Hawk coincide, but not the excited states as well Wigner localization is studied and shown to occur at about the same size for both Bilby and Hawk shapes. Next, an exercise is proposed to use the two-electrons charge density of the Bilby and Hawk ground states in the phase extraction scheme as proposed by Moon et al. (2008). Results show that out-of-phase regions appear if the linear size of the shapes exceeds the Bohr radius as occupation of higher Slater determinants becomes significant. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In this work, we present a new, fast and high yield synthesis method for obtaining microcrystalline yttrium orthoferrite YFeO3, based on hydrothermal technique. The advantage of the method consists in the direct crystallization of the material without the necessity of the calcination. The quality of the so-obtained compound is checked by X-ray diffraction and XPS measurements. Unusual behavior of the zero field cooled (ZFC) - field cooled (FC) magnetization curves (ZFC > FC) was also observed in YFeO3 and a possible explanation could be related to the effect of the synthesis methods on the magnetic properties of yttrium orthoferrite. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Atomic intermixing processes in relation to structural aspects and phase formation in Be based thin films subjected to different annealing treatments simulating the case of re-deposited layered structures on plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices are reported. Accordingly, bilayers of Be/W and Be/C have been deposited on Si(001) substrates with Fe buffer layers. The Fe films have been prepared by radiofrequency sputtering and further processed by annealing in hydrogen atmosphere at 300 degrees C, for 90 min, at a pressure of 10 bars of H-2. After the Be/W and Be/C bilayer deposition by means of thermionic vacuum arc method, annealing in vacuum at 600 degrees C, for 10 min has been applied to the complex structures. The influence of annealing on the phase composition and atomic intermixing processes in the complex structures has been studied by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS). The layered structures present an oxidation gradient with oxide phases in the uppermost layers and non-oxidized phases in the lower layers, as observed from the XPS data. The CEMS results revealed that the as-deposited structures contain a main metallic Fe phase and secondary superparamagnetic Fe oxide phases at the Fe/Be interface, while annealed samples present a large contribution of Fe-Be and Fe-C mixtures. The annealing treatment induces considerable atomic interdiffusion, strongly dependent on the nature of the upper layer. In the case of Be/W system, the annealing provides a much rougher Be/W interface, while in case of the Be/C structure, the annealing treatment only homogenize the structure over the whole depth. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Frequency-dependent AC susceptibility measurements have been used to estimate the critical current densities and pinning potential of two 1.1-mu m-thick YBCO films with nanoengineered pinning centres. The films were grown by pulsed laser deposition using a target with 4 % BaZrO3 nanoinclusions. Data were analysed in the framework of the Anderson-Kim model, collective pinning model, and a model due to Zeldov that implies a logarithmic dependence of pinning potential on the current density. It was found that the latter describes better our experimental data, and that the resulting pinning potential has reasonable high values in high magnetic field up to 9 T, indicating a high current-carrying capability in high magnetic fields.

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was applied for fabrication of dense (relative density > 97 %) bulk MgB2 samples added with Ge. Mixtures of MgB2 and Ge powders with starting compositions (MgB2) Ge (x) , x=0.005, 0.01, and 0.03 were used. Added samples show enhancement of the critical current density at high magnetic fields when compared to a pristine reference sample. The optimum composition is for x=0.005 and for this sample J (c)(20 K) =10(2)A/cm (2) is obtained at 5 T, while for the reference sample is obtained at 3.9 T. Ge does not substitute in the crystal lattice of MgB2 and T (c,onset) or T (c,midpoint) from magnetization measurements scatter within 0.15 or 0.3 K, respectively.

AC susceptibility and DC magnetization relaxation measurements have been performed for YBa2Cu3O7 films containing BaZrO3 nanorods preferentially oriented along the c axis, with the external magnetic field perpendicular to the film surface. It was found that the effective vortex activation energy U (e) supplied by the standard analysis of the frequency dependent AC magnetic response remains very high even in the vicinity of the irreversibility line indicated by the DC relaxation. We show that the large U (e) values appearing in the AC signal are related to the pinning enhanced viscous drag and significant vortex velocities.

The Mossbauer spectra of a FeSe0.3Te0.7 single crystal grown by the Bridgman method were analysed across the superconducting transition by considering the interplay between the structure and electron configuration of the transition metal. The magnetically determined superconducting critical temperature is T-C similar to 14 K. The Fe-57 Mossbauer spectra collected in the temperature range from 5 to 200K mainly have an asymmetric doublet pattern, which was conveniently fitted by the full Hamiltonian method. No effective magnetic moment ascribed to the superconducting phase was observed down to 5K. The unusual behaviour observed below similar to 17K for the chemical isomer shift and quadrupole splitting may be associated with an electron reconfiguration process intimately related to an unusual lattice distortion accompanying the superconducting transition. The decreasing trend of the total absorption spectral area and second-order Doppler shift during cooling the sample below the critical temperature, point to enhanced phonon activation in the superconducting state.

xIrO(2)-(1-x)alpha-Fe2O3(x=0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) nanoparticle systems were successfully synthesized by mechanochemical activation of IrO2 and alpha-Fe2O3 mixtures for 0-12 h of ball milling time. The study aims at exploring the formation of magnetic oxide semiconductors at the nanoscale, which is of crucial importance for catalysis, sensing and electrochemical applications. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Mossbauer spectroscopy, magnetic measurements and simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravirnetric analysis (TGA) were used to study the phase evolution of xIrO(2)-(1-x)alpha-Fe2O3 nanoparticle systems under the mechanochemical activation process. Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns yielded the values of the particle size and lattice parameters as function of composition and milling times and indicated the presence of Ir-substituted hematite and Fe-doped iridium oxide for large x values and long milling times. The Mossbauer studies showed that the spectrum of the mechanochemically activated composites evolved from a sextet for hematite to sextets and a doublet upon duration of the milling process with iridium oxide. Magnetic measurements recorded at 5 K in an applied magnetic field of 40,000 Oe showed that the saturation magnetization of the milled samples increased with ball milling time while preserving a multidomain magnetic structure. The unmilled sample at 5 K showed a spinflop type metarnagnetic transition around 30,000 Oe. The Morin transformation was evidenced by zero-field cooling field cooling (ZFC-FC) measurements in 200 Oe and 1 T and the transformation characteristic temperatures were shifted to lower values. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.