National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Publications

892 articles found

481. SUPPORTED Pt AND Pd CATALYSTS AS ADDITIVE FOR HYDROGEN ADSORPTION ENHANCEMENT IN MOFs

Authors: Ardelean, O; Blanita, G; Mihet, M; Coldea, I; Lupu, D; Palade, P

Published: JUN 2011, REVUE ROUMAINE DE CHIMIE, 56, +, DOI:

Hydrogen adsorption in Metal-Organic Frameworks is improved by using platinum and palladium on different carbon support: activated carbon or carbon nanofibres. Although, hydrogen adsorption is directly dependent of the specific surface area of the material, it is not the only factor contributing to the hydrogen adsorption, as presented in this work. Direct synthesis of metal-organic frameworks on supported Pt and Pd catalysts, reduces the surface area significantly, but the presence of the catalysts overcomes this drawback by improving hydrogen adsorption by a factor of 2.2, in case of platinum and by a factor of 1.4 in the case of palladium, compared to the metal-organic framework without catalysts.

482. MOMBE Growth of YBa2Cu3O7 Thin Films With c-Axis, a-Axis and (103/110) Orientations on SrTiO3 Substrate

Authors: Endo, K; Badica, P; Uehara, G; Kado, H

Published: JUN 2011, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, 21, 2774, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2011.2106753

Superconducting Y123 thin films with (001), (100/010) and (103/110) orientations were obtained by molecular-organic- source MBE (MOMBE) for optimum growth temperatures of 600, 515 and 600 degrees C, respectively, using a Ba(DPM)(2)(phen)2 source material and ozone atmosphere. Superconductivity was obtained without post processing. According to the literature, use of a Ba(DPM)(2)(phen)(2) precursor was expected to yield a lower optimum growth temperature, but there were no significant differences between the use of this source and a Ba(DPM)(2) precursor. For our c-axis oriented Y123 film, the optimum growth temperature was higher than the reported record-low growth temperature (500 degrees C by MOCVD using Ba(DPM)2(phen)2) but it was lower than the values for other growth techniques. This can have a positive impact on fabrication of layered devices or integration through the decrease of inter-diffusion between the layers. Results also suggest that processes are complex and other details than the source type should be carefully considered.

483. Synergetic Pinning Centers in YBa2Cu3OX Films Through a Combination of Ag Nano-Dot Substrate Decoration, Ag/YBCO Quasi-Multilayers, and the Use of BaZrO3-Doped Target

Authors: Mikheenko, P; Dang, VS; Kechik, MMA; Sarkar, A; Paturi, P; Huhtinen, H; Abell, JS; Crisan, A

Published: JUN 2011, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, 21, 3188, DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2010.2086041

We report on an original technique for nanoengineered pinning centers that combine three previously reported approaches: substrate decoration, quasi-multilayers and targets with secondary phase nanoinclusions. We have used a 4% BZO-doped YBCO target, and Ag nanodots, all grown by PLD. Such an approach gave interesting results in terms of pinning landscape, as proved by TEM studies. Angle-dependent measurements of critical current I-c showed that, for smaller fields, the absolute maximum in I-c occur for fields perpendicular to the a-b planes, while at larger fields the absolute maximum in I-c occurs for fields parallel to the a-b planes, in both cases with a clear second, local maxima. Measurements also showed a smooth change in the character of pinning with magnetic field, from the out-of-plane to in-plane-dominant pinning. For the out-of-plane magnetic field, the highest Ic-w (critical current per cm width) obtained so far, at 77.3 K, occurred in a 5.8 mu m Ag nanodots / BZO-doped YBCO trilayer: 782 A/cm-w in self-field, 167 A/cm-w in 1 T and 18 A/cm-w in 3 T.

484. Characterization of martensitic transformation in some Ni-Fe-Co-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Authors: Tolea, F; Sofronie, M; Ghica, C; Valeanu, M

Published: MAY 2011, OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS-RAPID COMMUNICATIONS, 5, 566, DOI:

The martensitic transformation characteristics in two series of cobalt substituted Ni-Fe-Ga Ferromagnetic Shape Memory alloys have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity and thermomagnetic measurements. Co substitution for Fe or Ni promotes an increase of the Curie temperatures but the changes of the martensitic transformation temperatures are in agreement with the valence electron concentration and unit cell volume variations. A large hysteresis observed between cooling and heating curves as feature of a first order phase transition was evidenced by r(T) and thermomagnetic measurements.

485. Parametric studies on iron-carbon composite nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis for increased passivation and high iron content

Authors: Dumitrache, F; Morjan, I; Fleaca, C; Birjega, R; Vasile, E; Kuncser, V; Alexandrescu, R

Published: APR 1 2011, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 257, 5269, DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.11.069

Iron/iron carbide core and carbon shell nanoparticles with improved magnetic properties were successfully synthesized by laser pyrolysis. As iron and carbon precursors, iron pentacarbonyl and pure or argon-diluted acetylene/ethylene mixtures, respectively, were used. The aim of the present optimization is the improvement of the magnetic properties of the nanomaterials by the increase of the iron percent in powders simultaneously to the maintaining of the protective character of the carbon coverage of nanoparticles. The chemical content and the crystalline structure were monitored by EDX, XRD and TEM techniques. In the first study, the content of acetylene as carbon source was diminished from 75% to 0%. Consequently the percent iron increased from 10 at.% to 28 at.% while oxygen remained relatively constant (around 5 at.%). In the second step, only diluted ethylene was used (maximum 87.5 vol.% Ar). In this case, an increase of iron to 46 at.% is observed. An optimum 50% carbon source dilution was found. Above this value, the carbon content increases and below it, superficial oxidation increases through the diminishing of the carbon shell. The magnetic properties and the Fe phase composition of the Fe-C samples were analyzed by temperature dependent Mossbauer spectroscopy. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

486. Recent developments in the formation and structure of tin-iron oxides by laser pyrolysis

Authors: Alexandrescu, R; Morjan, I; Dumitrache, F; Birjega, R; Fleaca, C; Soare, I; Gavrila, L; Luculescu, C; Prodan, G; Kuncser, V; Filoti, G

Published: APR 1 2011, APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE, 257, 5464, DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.11.114

Complex oxides demonstrate specific electric and magnetic properties which make them suitable for a wide variety of applications, including dilute magnetic semiconductors for spin electronics. A tin-iron oxide Sn(1-x)FexO(2) nanoparticulate material has been successfully synthesized by using the laser pyrolysis of tetramethyl tin-iron pentacarbonyl-air mixtures. Fe doping of SnO2 nanoparticles has been varied systematically in the 3-10 at% range. As determined by EDAX, the Fe/Sn ratio (in at%) in powders varied between 0.14 and 0.64. XRD studies of Sn(1-x)FexO(2) nanoscale powders, revealed only structurally modified SnO2 due to the incorporation of Fe into the lattice mainly by substitutional changes. The substitution of Fe3+ in the Sn4+ positions (Fe3+ has smaller ionic radius as compared to the ionic radius of 0.69 angstrom for Sn4+) with the formation of a mixed oxide Sn1-xFexO(2) is suggested. A lattice contraction consistent with the determined Fe/Sn atomic ratios was observed. The nanoparticle size decreases with the Fe doping (about 7 nm for the highest Fe content). Temperature dependent 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy data point to the additional presence of defected Fe3+-based oxide nanoclusters with blocking temperatures below 60 K. A new Fe phase presenting magnetic order at substantially higher temperatures was evidenced and assigned to a new type of magnetism relating to the dispersed Fe ions into the SnO2 matrix. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

487. Shaping distinct magnetic interactions in molecular compounds

Authors: Filoti, G; Bartolome, J; Palade, P; Prisecaru, I; Valsangiacom, C; Kuncser, V; Mindru, I; Patron, L

Published: APR 2011, JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 323, 1053, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.12.002

Oxalates containing various 3d transitional elements and positive NH(4) or negative OH groups were newly synthesized. Each above-mentioned component has directly influenced the structure, the electronic or interaction properties, while some unexpected behaviors were revealed by various magnetic and Mossbauer measurements. The main magnetic parameters, the long-range anti-ferromagnetic couplings observed at very low temperature and, particularly the uncompensated moment are discussed in detail. The induced lower spin states for bivalent ions and especially the anti-parallel arrangement of the spins belonging to trivalent and bivalent iron inside the molecule are also emphasized. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

488. Vortex creep crossover in YBCO/PrBCO superlattices during standard magnetization relaxation measurements

Authors: El Tahan, A; Jakob, G; Miu, D; Ivan, I; Badica, P; Miu, L

Published: APR 2011, SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 24, DOI: 10.1088/0953-2048/24/4/045014

We investigated the relaxation of the irreversible magnetization in a series of 200 nm thick YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 [(YBCO)(n)/(PrBCO)(m)] superlattices, where the thickness m of the nonsuperconducting PrBCO layer (measured in unit cells) was kept to m = 4 (sufficient to decouple the superconducting YBCO layers), whereas the thickness n of the YBCO layer was varied between 2 and 20 unit cells. The analysis of standard zero-field-cooling dc magnetization relaxation data obtained in the low temperature T region with the applied magnetic field H oriented along the c axis reveals the occurrence of a crossover elastic (collective) vortex creep at low T-plastic vortex creep at high T, generated by the T dependent macroscopic currents induced in the sample during measurements. For thin superlattices (n < 20) the creep crossover temperature T-cr proportional to n, and T-cr decreases linearly with increasing ln(H) for a fixed n. This crossover represents an alternative to the elastic vortex glass behavior reported for superlattices, as well as to 'quantum vortex creep' at unexpectedly high T inferred for thin films. We also discuss the absence of an increase of the magnetically determined critical current density with decreasing YBCO thickness in our superlattices, which apparently contradicts the collective pinning theories.

489. Martensitic transformation of Ti50Ni30Cu20 alloy prepared by powder metallurgy

Authors: Valeanu, M; Lucaci, M; Crisan, AD; Sofronie, M; Leonat, L; Kuncser, V

Published: MAR 31 2011, JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS, 509, 4498, DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.01.154

Phase transformation behavior of Ti50Ni30Cu20 shape memory alloys prepared by powder metallurgy is analyzed with respect to the duration of mechanical alloying. The processed blends were studied by differential scanning calorimetry and room temperature X-ray diffraction. The martensitic transformations evidenced by thermal scans are discussed in correlation with the relative phase content obtained from the refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns. (c) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

490. Dielectric and Ferroelectric Characterization of Ba0.95Tm0.05TiO3 Ceramics Derived from Sol to Gel

Authors: Cernea, M; Vasile, BS; Ganea, P; Radu, R; Mihalache, V; Husanu, A

Published: MAR 2011, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, 94, 741, DOI: 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04179.x

Barium titanate (BaTiO3) has been doped in situ with 5 mol% thulium by a sol-gel method. The as-prepared gel powder consists of nanosized grains (20-30 nm) and crystallizes on the cubic BaTiO3 lattice, at 700 degrees C. Ba0.95Tm0.05TiO3 ceramics derived from this powder have tetragonal perovskite structure and contain a small amount of Tm2Ti2O7 pyrochlore phase. These ceramics exhibit dielectric constants of 4282-3240 and dielectric loss (tan delta) of 0.1077-0.0161 at Curie temperature T-c=132 degrees C and at 10 Hz-100 kHz, respectively. For a drive voltage of 400 V, the hysteresis loop recorded at the frequency of 100 Hz shows a remnant polarization (P-r) value of 76 mu C/cm2 and a coercive field (E-c) of 124 V and for 1 kHz a remnant polarization (P-r) value of 58 mu C/cm2 and a coercive field (E-c) of 116 V.