National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

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883 articles found

41. Microengineering Design for Advanced W-Based Bulk Materials with Improved Properties

Authors: Galatanu, M; Enculescu, M; Galatanu, A; Ticos, D; Dumitru, M; Ticos, C

Published: MAR 2023, NANOMATERIALS, 13, 1012, DOI: 10.3390/nano13061012

In fusion reactors, such as ITER or DEMO, the plasma used to generate nuclear reactions will reach temperatures that are an order of magnitude higher than in the Sun's core. Although the plasma is not supposed to be in contact with the reactor walls, a large amount of heat generated by electromagnetic radiation, electrons and ions being expelled from the plasma will reach the plasma-facing surface of the reactor. Especially for the divertor part, high heat fluxes of up to 20 MW/m(2) are expected even in normal operating conditions. An improvement in the plasma-facing material (which is, in the case of ITER, pure Tungsten, W) is desired at least in terms of both a higher recrystallization temperature and a lower brittle-to-ductile transition temperature. In the present work, we discuss three microengineering routes based on inclusions of nanometric dispersions, which are proposed to improve the W properties, and present the microstructural and thermophysical properties of the resulting W-based composites with such dispersions. The materials' behavior after 6 MeV electron irradiation tests is also presented, and their further development is discussed.

42. Temperature dependent magnetic properties of Ni_xCo_1-xFe₂O₄: Single- and multidomain particles

Authors: Msomi, JZ; Nhlapo, TA; Stanciu, A; Greculeasa, S; Kuncser, V; Moyo, T

Published: FEB 1 2023, PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER, 650, 414595, DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2022.414595

In the present work, nanocrystalline NixCo1-xFe2O4 oxides with average crystallite size between 11 nm and 111 nm have been analyzed by Mossbauer spectroscopy, hysteresis loops, field cooled (FC) and zero field cooled (ZFC) magnetization measurements. A core-shell model has been proposed. Accordingly, the Mossbauer spectra evidence a ferrimagnetic core and a disordered shell (spin-glass), the latter increasing with Ni concentration. Hysteresis curves reveal the ferromagnetic nature of the investigated compounds and transformation from single- to multi-domain behaviour at a critical particle size dependent on Ni2+ ion concentration. The magnetic properties of finest powders (average crystallite size similar to 11 nm) are the most sensitive to the Ni2+ ions content. A general increase in the coercive field, H-C, with reducing temperature according to the modified Kneller's formula H-c(T) = H-c(0)[1-(T/T-B)(beta) where beta = 0.45 occurs. A high saturation magnetization of about 90 emu/g and an increase in H-C from about 0.3 kOe at 300 K to 7 kOe at 10 K have been observed for the sample Ni0.1Co0.9Fe2O4 (x = 0.1). Increasing magnetization and coercive field with reducing temperature are also explained within the core shell model. FC and ZFC data show strong dependence of the magnetic properties on crystallite size and concentration of Ni2+ ions.

43. Temperature dependent magnetic properties of NixCo1-xFe2O4: Single- and multidomain particles

Authors: Msomi, JZ; Nhlapo, TA; Stanciu, A; Greculeasa, S; Kuncser, V; Moyo, T

Published: FEB 1 2023, PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER, 650, 414595, DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2022.414595

44. Effects of mechanochemical activation on the structural, magnetic and optical properties of yttrium iron garnet-graphene nanoparticles

Authors: Glasser, S; Tolea, F; Craig, AJ; Sofronie, M; Aitken, JA; Sorescu, M

Published: FEB 1 2023, PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER, 650, 414501, DOI: 10.1016/j.physb.2022.414501

Yttrium iron garnet nanoparticles were exposed to mechanochemical activation by high-energy ball milling for 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 h, with and without graphene nanoparticles. The samples were subsequently characterized by Mo center dot ssbauer spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), magnetic measurements and optical diffuse reflec-tance spectroscopy. Examination of the quadrupole doublet's abundance as function of ball milling time indi-cated that graphene slowed down the precipitation of the yttrium iron perovskite (yttrium orthoferrite) phase. The increased linewidth of the doublet showed that the carbon from graphene preferentially entered the lattice of the yttrium orthoferrite. The saturation magnetization decreased with decreasing particle size for prolonged milling due to the occurrence of the antiferromagnetic hematite phase. The enhanced absorption in the infrared region could be associated with the incorporation of carbon from graphene in the lattice of the yttrium ortho-ferrite. The results are interesting for sensing and microwave applications.

45. Multi-Parametric Exploration of a Selection of Piezoceramic Materials for Bone Graft Substitute Applications

Authors: Nedelcu, L; Ferreira, JMF; Popa, AC; Amarande, L; Nan, B; Balescu, LM; Geambasu, CD; Cioangher, MC; Leonat, L; Grigoroscuta, M; Cristea, D; Stroescu, H; Ciocoiu, RC; Stan, GE

Published: FEB 2023, MATERIALS, 16, 901, DOI: 10.3390/ma16030901

This work was devoted to the first multi-parametric unitary comparative analysis of a selection of sintered piezoceramic materials synthesised by solid-state reactions, aiming to delineate the most promising biocompatible piezoelectric material, to be further implemented into macro-porous ceramic scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing technologies. The piezoceramics under scrutiny were: KNbO3, LiNbO3, LiTaO3, BaTiO3, Zr-doped BaTiO3, and the (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1)O-3 solid solution (BCTZ). The XRD analysis revealed the high crystallinity of all sintered ceramics, while the best densification was achieved for the BaTiO3-based materials via conventional sintering. Conjunctively, BCTZ yielded the best combination of functional properties-piezoelectric response (in terms of longitudinal piezoelectric constant and planar electromechanical coupling factor) and mechanical and in vitro osteoblast cell compatibility. The selected piezoceramic was further used as a base material for the robocasting fabrication of 3D macro-porous scaffolds (porosity of similar to 50%), which yielded a promising compressive strength of similar to 20 MPa (higher than that of trabecular bone), excellent cell colonization capability, and noteworthy cytocompatibility in osteoblast cell cultures, analogous to the biological control. Thereby, good prospects for the possible development of a new generation of synthetic bone graft substitutes endowed with the piezoelectric effect as a stimulus for the enhancement of osteogenic capacity were settled.

46. Chiral and Catalytic Effects of Site-Specific Molecular Adsorption

Authors: Borca, B; Michnowicz, T; Aguilar-Galindo, F; Petuya, R; Pristl, M; Schendel, V; Pentegov, I; Kraft, U; Klauk, H; Wahl, P; Arnau, A; Schlickum, U

Published: 2023 FEB 17 2023, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03575

The changes of properties and preferential interactions based on subtle energetic differences are important characteristics of organic molecules, particularly for their functionalities in biological systems. Only slightly energetically favored interactions are important for the molecular adsorption and bonding to surfaces, which define their properties for further technological applications. Here, prochiral tetracenothiophene molecules are adsorbed on the Cu(111) surface. The chiral adsorption configurations are determined by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy studies and confirmed by first-principles calculations. Remarkably, the selection of the adsorption sites by chemically different moieties of the molecules is dictated by the arrangement of the atoms in the first and second surface layers. Furthermore, we have investigated the thermal effects on the direct desulfurization reaction that occurs under the catalytic activity of the Cu substrate. This reaction leads to a product that is covalently bound to the surface in chiral configurations.

47. Anticoagulant Properties of Coated Fe-Pd Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Ribbons

Authors: Bunge, A; Chiriac, A; Sofronie, M; Craciunescu, I; Porav, AS; Turcu, R

Published: FEB 2023, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 24, 2452, DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032452

Shape memory alloys, especially ferromagnetic shape memory alloys, are interesting new materials for the manufacturing of stents. Iron-palladium alloys in particular can be used to manufacture self-expanding temporary stents due to their optimum rate of degradation, which is between that of magnesium and pure iron, two metals commonly used in temporary stent research. In order to avoid blood clotting upon the introduction of the stent, they are often coated with anticoagulants. In this study, sulfated pectin, a heparin mimetic, was synthesized in different ways and used as coating on multiple iron-palladium alloys. The static and dynamic prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of the prepared materials were compared to samples uncoated or coated with polyethylene glycol. While no large differences were observed in the prothrombin time measurements, the activated partial thromboplastin time increased significantly with all alloys coated with sulfated pectin. Aside from that, sulfated pectin synthesized by different methods also caused slight changes in the activated partial thromboplastin time. These findings show that iron-palladium alloys can be coated with anticoagulants to improve their utility as material for temporary stents. Sulfated pectin was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the coated alloys by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).

48. Chiral and Catalytic Effects of Site-Specific Molecular Adsorption

Authors: Borca, B; Michnowicz, T; Aguilar-Galindo, F; Petuya, R; Pristl, M; Schendel, V; Pentegov, I; Kraft, U; Klauk, H; Wahl, P; Arnau, A; Schlickum, U

Published: FEB 2023, JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03575

49. Synthesis and Anti-Melanoma Activity of L-Cysteine-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Loaded with Doxorubicin

Authors: Toderascu, LI; Sima, LE; Orobeti, S; Florian, PE; Icriverzi, M; Maraloiu, VA; Comanescu, C; Iacob, N; Kuncser, V; Antohe, I; Popescu-Pelin, G; Stanciu, G; Ionita, P; Mihailescu, CN; Socol, G

Published: FEB 2023, NANOMATERIALS, 13, 621, DOI: 10.3390/nano13040621

In this study, we report on the synthesis of L-Cysteine (L-Cys)-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with doxorubicin (Dox). The Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox NPs were extensively characterized for their compositional and morpho-structural features using EDS, SAED, XRD, FTIR and TEM. XPS, Mossbauer spectroscopy and SQUID measurements were also performed to determine the electronic and magnetic properties of the Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox nanoparticles. Moreover, by means of a FO-SPR sensor, we evidenced and confirmed the binding of Dox to L-Cys. Biological tests on mouse (B16F10) and human (A375) metastatic melanoma cells evidenced the internalization of magnetic nanoparticles delivering Dox. Half maximum inhibitory concentration IC50 values of Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox were determined for both cell lines: 4.26 mu g/mL for A375 and 2.74 mu g/mL for B16F10, as compared to 60.74 and 98.75 mu g/mL, respectively, for unloaded controls. Incubation of cells with Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox modulated MAPK signaling pathway activity 3 h post-treatment and produced cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis by 48 h. We show that within the first 2 h of incubation in physiological (pH = 7.4) media, similar to 10-15 mu M Dox/h was released from a 200 mu g/mL Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox solution, as compared to double upon incubation in citrate solution (pH = 3), which resembles acidic environment conditions. Our results highlight the potential of Fe3O4-L-Cys-Dox NPs as efficient drug delivery vehicles in melanoma therapy.

50. Kinetics and the Effect of Thermal Treatments on the Martensitic Transformation and Magnetic Properties in Ni49Mn32Ga19 Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Ribbons

Authors: Tolea, F; Popescu, B; Bartha, C; Enculescu, M; Tolea, M; Sofronie, M

Published: JAN 2023, MAGNETOCHEMISTRY, 9, 7, DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry9010007

In our work, the kinetics of martensitic transformations and the influence of thermal treatments on martensitic transformations, as well as the related magnetic properties of the Ni49Mn32Ga19 ferromagnetic shape memory melt-spun ribbons, have been investigated. Thermal treatments at 673 K for 1, 4 and 8 h can be considered an instrument for fine-tuning the performance parameters of alloys. One-hour thermal treatments promote an improvement in the crystallinity of these otherwise highly textured ribbons, reducing internal defects and stress induced by the melt-spinning technique. Longer thermal treatments induce an important magnetization rise concomitantly with a slight and continuous increase in martensitic temperatures and transformation enthalpy. The activation energy, evaluated from differential scanning calorimeter experimental data with a Friedman model, significantly increases after thermal treatments as a result of the multi-phase coexistence and stabilization of the non-modulated martensitic phase, which increases the reverse martensitic transformation hindrance.