National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

In this work, the effect of deposition time on the structural and optical properties of ZnO films deposited by Ultrasonic Spray Mist-CVD was studied aiming the application in perovskite solar cells, as holes blocking layer. Crystallinity, surface morphology and optical properties of the ZnO films were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), conventional and Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies, respectively. The XRD measurement proves the existence of the hexagonal wurtzite phase and a high degree of crystallinity with [001] preferential orientation. The SEM study shows that the films possess a compact structure. Smooth and homogenous surface was confirmed also by AFM. The obtained results indicate that ZnO films deposited by a simple, safe and cost-effective method present a great potential for application in perovskite solar cells.

The paper deals with a study of composites based on poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in terms of photoconductivity and photocurrent (PC) dynamics in charge-discharge cyclic processes. The explanation for the photoconductive behavior is built with the support of DeVore and Onsager theories. Scanning samples in both directions involves charge transport, to and from, available energy states called defect centers. The existence of these centers is confirmed by a decrease in the composite bandgap caused by the RGO localized states which are situated slightly above the first HOMO level in the PPV bandgap. The contribution of RGO to the photoconductive properties of PPV is revealed through a photocurrent value with two orders of magnitude higher than for PPV.

The influence of the Gd3+ co-dopant on the structure, morphology and up-conversion luminescence/magnetic properties of the LiYF4:Gd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals was investigated and compared to those of Gd-free samples. Electron microscopy has indicated an inhibiting effect of the agglomeration and collapsing process of the nanocrystals compared to the Gd-free powder samples. The surface analysis of nanocrystals have not shown oxygen-metal bonds related to the metal oxidation within the surface nanometric layer. The paramagnetic properties are related to the magnetic moment of the Gd3+ ions. The up-conversion luminescence of the LiYF4:Gd3+/Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals is about six times stronger than in LiYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ nanocrystals; the enhancement effect is most probably due to the lattice distortion induced by the Gd co-doping.

Up-conversion luminescence and thermoluminescence properties of LaF3 nanocrystals, with sizes of about 20 nm, were studied and discussed in relation to -size and surface related effects. XPS spectra have evidenced the presence of oxidized Er and La ions within a thin layer (of about 1 nm thickness) at the nanocrystals surface, as well as Yb ions bonded with fluorine ions. The green ((H-2(11/2), S-4(3/2)) -> I-4(15/2)) and red (F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2)) up-conversion emissions of Er3+ ions are influenced by the relative dominance of Erions that reside within the thin oxidized layer. The broad thermoluminescence curves are assigned to the recombination of trap defects associated with surface states and within the oxidized surface layer. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Devices developed for the aeronautic or space industries must be able to operate in harsh environments. In order to protect devices such as microstrip antennae, various coatings have to be used. Herein, we present the results of obtaining YSZ/Al2O3 heterostructures by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) for the protection of planar monopole antennas without changing their performances after the deposition process. The theoretical SRIM-TRIM simulation code results on the effects of ionized radiations incident on a YSZ/Al2O3 heterostructure, as well as the physical properties of the YSZ/Al2O3 thin films obtained by the PLD technique are also presented. The SRIM studies show that at the same energy range the proton penetration depth is higher than the alpha penetration depth, giving insights about the penetration depth of proton and alpha particles in the studied targets. Our goal is to obtain a multilayer structure able to enhance the endurance of the antenna and microwave circuitry in harsh space environment without reducing the performances under nominal operation conditions.

Curcumin (CR) is a natural compound with a well-known antioxidant and therapeutic activity. Its stability may be enhanced when incorporated in different matrices as a layered double hydroxides (LDH) matrix. Curcumin intercalated layered double hydroxide nanohybrid is a potential drug delivery system for effective photodynamic therapy in human breast cancer or skin cancer. The synthesis of the hybrid LDH-CR powder implies the dissolution of CR in water or in another organic solvent which is miscible with water. Since the solubility of curcumin in water is very weak, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the solvent employed for its dissolution on the structural and physico-chemicalphotoluminescent properties of the resulting hybrid materials. Four powders of curcumin (CR)-containing Mg2.5Al-LDH hybrids (Mg/Al molar ratio of 2.5) were prepared by co-precipitation (P) and reconstruction (R) using two different solvents for the dissolution of curcumin: (i) an alkaline aqueous solution (A), and (ii) ethanol (E). The reconstruction used the calcinated (460 degrees C for 18 h) form of the parent Mg2.5Al-LDH powder. All the solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR-ATR spectra of the all the powders except the powder prepared via reconstruction in ethanol exhibit LDH characteristics, consistent with the XRD results. Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) was employed for the deposition of hybrid LDH-CR thin films. Aqueous solutions of the as prepared hybrid LDH-CR powders were frozen and used as targets for MAPLE depositions. The films were deposited using a nanosecond laser emitting at 266 nm. MAPLE is considered a "soft" deposition technique suitable to conserve the CR stability. XRD, scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements were used to characterize the deposited films in order to evidence the influence of the preparation methods on the structural and photophysical characteristics of the hybrid LDH-CR films.

Polycrystalline In2S3 thin films have been grown on SnO2/glass substrates by chemical bath deposition technique and irradiated at different high gamma doses 3, 7, 15 and 40 kGy. X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Spectrophotometer, Photoluminescence and Thermoluminescence were used to investigate physical properties of In2S3 thin films induced by gamma irradiation. After being irradiated, structural properties of In2S3 thin films have shown that preferred orientation has been moved from (4 0 0) plan at 2 theta(1)=33.42 degrees to a new created orientation at 2 theta(2)=38.06 degrees for 40 kGy gamma dose. EDS analysis has shown that atomic percentage (S/In) has been strongly varied for 40 kGy which indicate significant changes in stoichiometry. Thermoluminescence of irradiated In2S3 thin films has revealed a good sensitivity toward absorbed gamma dose. After irradiation, optical transmittance of In2S3 thin films has been increased from 50% to a maximum value of 70% in the visible range for 15 kGy dose. Band gap energy E-g has been slightly decreased. Other optical parameters such absorption and extinction coefficients, refractive index and permittivity have been determined. These experimental results show that gamma radiations can be used for tuning physical properties of In2S3 thin films for photovoltaic applications.

In this work, the influence of silicotungstic acid concentration on the diphenylamine (DPA) electro-polymerization in the absence and the presence of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is studied. The optical properties of the composites based on polydiphenylamine (PDPA) doped with the H4SiW12O40 heteropolyanions and RGO are investigated by Raman scattering, IR absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). The presence of RGO induces an up-shift of the oxidation maximum of the DPA, as a result of a covalent functionalization process of graphene sheets with the polymer in the doped state. The deposition of PDPA onto RGO sheets surface is confirmed by the Raman scattering studies. Regardless of the H4SiW12O40 concentration, an up-shift of the IR bands from 910 to 1014 cm(-1) to similar to 920 and 1022 cm(-1) is reported as a consequence of the compensation of positive charges of PDPA macromolecular chains with of the H4SiW12O40 heteropolyanions. An enhancement in the absorbance of the IR bands situated in the spectral range 750-1050 cm(-1) accompanied of a decrease in the relative intensity of the PL bands of PDPA and their composites with RGO, as increasing the H4SiW12O40 concentration, is reported. In the presence of RGO, a change in the PDPA PL spectra profile is also highlighted. (C) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

This paper presents an evaluation regarding the influence of substrate material characteristics and deposition parameters on the tribological behaviour of carbon-based coatings. Chromium nitride ceramic interlayers and carbon-based thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on hardened AISI 5115 (16MnCr5) case hardening steel. The physical vapour deposition (PVD) deposition was performed at three different temperatures: 180 degrees C, 200 degrees C and 250 degrees C. The chemical composition of the samples was assessed by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), the structure by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and the surface morphology by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The surface chemistry was analysed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy. The coatings are homogeneous, amorphous, with a smooth surface. The mechanical behaviour has been assessed on a pin-on disk rotational tribometer (wear characteristics), on a micro scratch tester (adhesion to the substrate), by ball-cratering (film thickness) and by nanoindentation (hardness and the modulus of elasticity). A strong correlation has been observed between the substrate characteristics and, more importantly, the deposition temperature, and the mechanical properties of the assembly. The fracture toughness is positively influenced by the presence of the ceramic chromium nitride interlayer. The modulus of elasticity and friction coefficient (both in dry and lubricated conditions) are decreased for higher deposition temperatures, however the higher deposition temperature negatively affects the mechanical characteristics of the steel substrate.

Co-sputtering of tungsten-aluminum fusion relevant materials in a dual-High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering discharge, operated in different Ar-D-2 gas mixtures, was investigated in gas phase by means of energy-resolving mass spectrometry. Experimental results indicate that the total ion flux and its composition are strongly dependent on sputtering gas composition and the average power applied to the targets. During single HiPIMS operation with W target, the D- ions are the most abundant species. The measured D- ion flux shows an increase with the rising of D-2 content in Ar-D-2 gas mixture and a linear increase with the power applied to the W target. In contrast, during dual-HiPIMS operation, a decrease of D- ion flux was observed when the input power applied to the Al target was increased. The origin of different deuterium ion species and retention mechanisms are discussed. The surface morphology, microstructure and chemical composition of the W-Al coatings obtained in Ar-D-2, were investigated by means of, Atomic Force Microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy. GDOES depth profiles show the presence of a large amount of deuterium (up to 21 at.%) in the mixed W-Al layers and indicate that the D retention in the mixed W-Al layers is mainly related to the W in-depth concentration and less dependent on the Al one. The intense and energetic bombardment of the growing film with D- ions seems to be responsible for the large amount of D retained in the W-Al layers.