National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Publications

860 articles found

801. Investigations on the langasite resonators by X-ray topography

Authors: Mateescu, I; Capelle, B; Detaint, J; Johnson, G; Dumitrache, L; Bran, C

Published: 2003, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2003 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM & PDA EXHIBITION JOINTLY WITH 17TH EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, 641, DOI:

In this paper the results of electrical measurements of the mass-loading influence on Y-cut langasite resonator parameters are compared with those obtained by X-ray topography analysis of the same resonators. Based on the Ballato's transmission-line analogs of the trapped-energy ;resonators vibrating in thickness-shear mode [1], the mass-loading effect on resonator characteristics was studied. The effective mass-loading, motional inductance and quality factor of langasite resonators were computed. Sawyer plan-parallel polished Y-cut langasite resonators with 14mm diameter, 5 MHz resonant frequency, Au electrodes of 7 mm diameters and various thickness were used in experiments. X-ray topography measurements were performed by conventional transmission Laue setting using the white beam synchrotron radiation on fundamental, third and fifth overtones. The results are in agreement with those obtained by electrical measurements. The comparison of X-ray diffraction topography images previously performed on AT-cut quartz resonators with X-ray topographs on langasite resonators pointed out that the Y-cut langasite resonators are less influenced by the mass-loading than the AT-cut quartz resonators.

802. Negatively charged Pb- ion produced by electrolytical colouration of KCl crystals containing Li+, Na+ and Rb+ ions

Authors: Tsuboi, T; Polosan, S; Topa, V

Published: AUG 5 2002, JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER, 14, 7272, DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/14/30/315

Electrolytic colouration has been undertaken for not only a KCl crystal containing Pb2+ ions but also KCl crystals containing alkali impurity ions (Li+, Na+ and Rb+) besides Pb2+ ions. Absorption spectra of these electrolytically coloured crystals have been studied, together with the emission spectra. Similar spectra were observed among these crystals. Eight weak absorption bands are observed in the 290-700 nm region, while five intense bands are observed in the 200-290 nm region. It is suggested-that these bands arise from Pb- ions with tetragonal crystal field symmetry. The energy-level assignment for these absorption bands is made using the energy-level diagram of the isoelectronic Bi-0 atom with C-4v crystal field symmetry. It is suggested that an off-centre position effect of the Li+ ion is observed in the kCl crystal codoped with Li+ ions.. Broad emission bands at 1530 and 1580 nm have been. observed in electrolytically coloured KCl containing Pb2+ ions and KCl containing Li+ and Pb2+ ions, irrespectively.

803. Silver nanoclusters in potassium halides obtained from Ag--ions by electron detachment

Authors: Enculescu, M; Topa, V; Vasile, E

Published: MAY 2002, NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, 191, 436, DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(02)00587-6

We studied by means of optical absorption and transmission electron microscopy the formation of Ag nanoclusters from Ag--ions in three different potassium halides (KCl, KI and KBr). By stepwise UV illumination at a suitable temperature, the electrons of Ag--ions were detached and the controlled formation and growth of Ag nanoclusters from Ago-atoms take place. At the same time, the detached electrons are captured by K+-ions, proved by the appearance of K-colloid bands. The kinetics of the conversion Ag- + hv + U --> Ag nanoclusters was followed by monitoring the Ag--ions and Ag nanoclusters absorption. The temperatures of illumination are different, depending on the matrix in which Ag nanoclusters are formed (220 degreesC for KCl, 160 degreesC for KBr and 140 degreesC for KI). By optical absorption and TEM we proved that the nanoclusters of Ag obtained by our method are separated, spherical and ovoidal, with average diameters between 7.5 and 50 nm. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

804. A model for structures growth by sodium electrodiffusion in quartz crystals

Authors: Enculescu, I; Iliescu, B; Enculescu, M; Covalcica, I

Published: 2002, CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, 37, 874, DOI: 10.1002/1521-4079(200208)37:8<868::AID-CRAT868>3.0.CO;2-J

Dendritic structures were grown inside the quartz crystal by electrodiffusion of sodium ions from a NaCl layer at the anode. The electric field was applied along the optical axis Z and the structures were grown in the xy plane. An experimental arrangement using a pointed cathode and a graphite plate anode was employed. X ray diffraction analysis shows that the structures' chemical composition is a mixture of sodium silicates. To explain the structures' growth a model is proposed. The model is a bidimensional one. The transport of the particles along the Z axis structural channels by the electric field was taken into account by introducing a probability of generating the particles in the growth plane as a function of the distance to the cathode. The computer generated results and the experimental ones were compared and a good correlation was found.

805. Fractal patterns formed by thermal treatment in alkali halide crystals

Authors: Enculescu, M; Enculescu, I; Topa, V; Vasile, E

Published: NOV-DEC 2002, PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER, 324, 392, DOI: 10.1016/S0921-4526(02)01451-5

We have succeeded in growing nanocrystals of Ag structured like fractals in several solid matrices (NaG, KBr and KCl). These are shown to be diffusion-limited aggregates when fractal dimensions were evaluated. Depending upon the crystal in which the fractal structures were obtained, the fractal dimensions of the Ag nanoclusters were found to be between 1.73 and 1.81. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

806. Lead nanocrystals in KCl matrix

Authors: Polosan, S; Vasile, E; Apostol, E; Topa, V

Published: MAR 2001, JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS, 3, 140, DOI:

807. Non steady-state thermoelectric conduction

Authors: Apostol, M; Nedelcu, M

Published: MAR 2001, JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS, 3, 132, DOI:

It is shown that the figure of merit of a thermoelectric couple can be appreciably improved by using a pulsed current transferred from the thermoelectric circuit. In the frame of this theory un unusual drop of temperature in a thermoelectric circuit is possible. An ultrafast process of thermoelectric conduction is described, whose increased performance is realized by minimizing the effects of thermal dissipation.

808. Coulomb effects on the transport properties of quantum dots in a strong magnetic field

Authors: Moldoveanu, V; Aldea, A; Manolescu, A; Nita, M

Published: JAN 15 2001, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 63, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.045301

We investigate the transport properties of quantum dots placed in a strong magnetic field using a quantum-mechanical approach based on the two-dimensional tight-binding Hamiltonian with direct Coulomb interaction and the Landauer-Buttiker formalism. The electronic transmittance and the Hall resistance show Coulomb oscillations and also prove multiple addition processes. We identify this feature as the "bunching" of electrons observed in recent experiments and give an elementary explanation in terms of spectral characteristics of the dot. The spatial distribution of the added electrons may distinguish between the edge and bulk states and it has specific features for bunched electrons. The dependence of the charging energy on the number of electrons is discussed for a strong magnetic field. The crossover from the tunneling to quantum Hall regime is analyzed in terms of dot-lead coupling.

809. Kinetics of silver structures growth by electrodiffusion in quartz crystals

Authors: Enculescu, I; Iliescu, B; Teodorescu, V

Published: JAN 2001, SOLID STATE IONICS, 138, 321, DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2738(00)00794-3

Silver layers were grown in quartz crystals by electrodiffusion from an anodic layer of AgNO3. Different experimental arrangements were employed in order to obtain such layers in a reproducible way. We performed DC ionic conductivity measurements on Z-cut and X-cut samples as a function of temperature in the heating up phase and as a function of time at the electromigration temperature. The metal structures and the quartz samples were analyzed by electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Based on the experimental results and on the observations a model, for the metal structure formation is proposed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

810. Chemical composition of structures obtained inside quartz crystals by sodium electrodiffusion

Authors: Iliescu, B; Enculescu, I; Pera, I; Alexe, G; Polosan, S; Stanculescu, A

Published: 2001, CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY, 36, 410, DOI: 10.1002/1521-4079(200106)36:4/5<403::AID-CRAT403>3.0.CO;2-H

Dendritic structures were grown inside quartz crystals by electrodiffusion of sodium ions from a NaCl layer at the anode. An experimental arrangement using a point cathode and a graphite plate anode was employed. X-ray diffraction experiments were carried out, the structures chemical composition was found to be a mixture of sodium silicates. The chemical composition evolution in time was observed. There were made VIS and UV optical absorption spectroscopy measurements of these structures, a colloidal band being found. Thermoluminescence glow curves were measured. Based on the experimental results and observations a growth model is proposed.