National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Publications

5914 articles found

5091. Correction for thermal diffuse scattering in time-of-flight neutron diffraction

Authors: Popa, NC; Willis, BTM

Published: SEP 1 1997, ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A, 53, 545, DOI: 10.1107/S0108767397006004

A fast numerical algorithm is presented for calculating the TDS correction to Bragg peaks recorded in time-of-flight neutron diffraction studies on single crystals. The algorithm allows two average sound velocities, together with the structural parameters, to be treated as free parameters in a refinement program. The correction does not require, therefore, a prior knowledge of the elastic constants of the sample. The model is tested on a simulated set of reflection data.

5092. Diode-like SnO2 gas detection devices

Authors: Ionescu, R; Vancu, A; Buta, F

Published: SEP 1997, SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL, 43, 131, DOI: 10.1016/S0925-4005(97)00142-1

In usual chemoresistive SnO2 gas sensors, space charge accumulation at the electrodes and at intergranular contacts can contribute in the hystereses, irreproducibilities and time variations in electrical conductance which hinder the operation of these devices as transducers. For a thorough investigation of the effects of electrical polarisation, samples with highly asymmetric electrode contacts, in which polarisation is strong and which behave like diodes were used. On the other hand, we tentatively found the operation principle of a gas sensitive SnO2 device which avoids polarisation phenomena. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

5093. A model of the metallic surface-emitting second harmonic generator

Authors: Popa, A; Lazarescu, MF; Dabu, R; Stratan, A

Published: SEP 1997, IEEE JOURNAL OF QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 33, 1480, DOI: 10.1109/3.622625

We present an accurate calculation of the intensity of the second harmonic radiation generated by the reflection of the incident radiation from a metal surface, This radiation is due to two currents, The first current results from the rapid variation of the normal component of the oscillating electric field in the vicinity of the surface and depends on both conduction and bound electrons, The second one results from the action of the Lorentz force on conduction electrons, We show that if the adiabatic and the Thomas-Fermi assumptions are considered, then an accurate calculation of these currents is possible and leads to a simple relation of the intensity of the second harmonic radiation.

5094. Host/guest interactions in nanoporous materials .1. The embedding of chiral salen manganese(III) complex into mesoporous silicates

Authors: Frunza, L; Kosslick, H; Landmesser, H; Hoft, E; Fricke, R

Published: AUG 29 1997, JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CATALYSIS A-CHEMICAL, 123, 187, DOI: 10.1016/S1381-1169(97)00046-0

The embedding of a enantioselective homogeneous catalyst - the chiral manganese(III) cationic complex of salen type (Jacobsen complex I) - into the pores of mesoporous substituted silicates is investigated. The host/guest interaction is studied by different methods: TG-DTA, UV-VIS, and FTIR. The results are consistent with a location of the large Mn complex inside the mesopores. Catalytic tests in olefin epoxidation prove the fully maintenance of the catalytic activity and stereoselectivity of the complex after embedding. This promising result indicates that MCM-like materials might have perspectives as supports for the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

5095. Indirect enhancement of PbS photoconductivity by ferroelectric field effect in a PbS/PbTiO3/Si heterostructure

Authors: Pintilie, I; Pintilie, L; Dragoi, V; Petre, D; Botila, T

Published: AUG 25 1997, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 71, 1106, DOI: 10.1063/1.119740

A lead sulphide/lead titanate/silicon (PbS/PbTiO3/Si) heterostructure was manufactured by successive deposition of PbTiO3 and PbS thin film on a single crystalline, p-type Si substrate. Chemical methods were used for deposition. A three electrode configuration was used to control the photoconductivity of PbS thin film by field effect, through the ferroelectric PbTiO3 thin film. The spectral distribution of the photoconductive signal shows two maxima, situated at 1.1 and 2.45 mu m. It was found that the photoconductive signal at 1 mu m varies of about eight times when the voltage applied on the Si substrate is varied between -1 and +1 V. At 2 mu m the photoconductive signal is almost independent of the applied voltage on the Si substrate. The observed results are explained considering a ferroelectric field effect by which the photogenerated carriers in Si influence the photoconductive signal in the PbS thin film. (C) 1997 American Institute of Physics.

5096. Physics of optimal resonant tunneling

Authors: Racec, PN; Stoica, T; Popescu, C; Lepsa, M; vandeRoer, TG

Published: AUG 15 1997, PHYSICAL REVIEW B, 56, 3597, DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.3595

The optimal resonant tunneling, or the complete tunneling transparence of a biased double-barrier resonant-tunneling (DBRT) structure, is discussed. It is shown that its physics does not rest on the departure from the constant potential within the barriers and well, due to the applied electric field, but on the effective symmetry of the rectangular-barrier profile, which approximates the real potential profile for the corresponding applied bias.

5097. SEM studies on BSCCO superconducting ceramic produced by spray frozen, freeze drying technique

Authors: Bunescu, MC; Aldica, G; Badica, P; Vasiliu, F; Nita, P; Mandache, S

Published: AUG 1 1997, PHYSICA C, 281, 197, DOI: 10.1016/S0921-4534(97)00633-3

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have been used to evidence the occurrence, morphology and microcomposition of the superconducting phases (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta (2223) and (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2CaCu2O8+delta (2212), and of other non-superconducting phases, in the sintered pellets obtained from nitrate solution by spray frozen, freeze drying technique. For decomposition of the nitrate powder four different heat treatments were used. Superconducting and structure properties of the pellets have been tested by AC susceptibility measurements (610 Hz, 0.5 Oe) and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. A correlation between the SEM and EDS observations and the superconducting properties has been established. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

5098. ESR investigations on ion beam irradiated polymers

Authors: Chipara, MI

Published: AUG 1997, NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, 131, 90, DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(97)00382-0

Electron spin resonance investigations on ion beam irradiated polymers are reviewed from a critical point of view. The nature of free radicals produced by heavy ion bombardment is discussed in detail, in connection with the main hypotheses (thermal spikes and secondary electrons). ESR investigations on cellulose nitrate irradiated with accelerated oxygen ions are reported. From the temperature dependence of resonance line parameters, the presence of exchange interaction is noticed and the generation of free radicals at 200 degrees C is studied. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

5099. Radiation effects on polyoctenamer

Authors: Chipara, MI; Georgescu, L; Oproiu, C; Chipara, MD; Niculescu, A; Galatanu, N; Reyes, JR; Secu, CE

Published: AUG 1997, NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS, 131, 191, DOI: 10.1016/S0168-583X(97)00339-X

The effect of electron beams on polyoctenamer is investigated by viscosimetry, swelling and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. From these experimental investigations it has been deduced that the main degradation process in polyoctenamer is its crosslinking during electron beam irradiation in air, at room temperature. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

5100. Thermal stability of amorphous Se/CdSe multilayers

Authors: Popescu, M; Sava, F; Lorinczi, A; Vateva, E; Nesheva, D; Koch, PJ; Gutberlet, T; Uebach, W; Bradaczek, H

Published: AUG 1997, SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS, 103, 434, DOI: 10.1016/S0038-1098(97)00207-X

The thermal stability of amorphous Se/CdSe multilayers has been investigated by X-ray diffraction. The multilayer structure is stable up to similar to 60 degrees C. After annealing at higher temperatures hexagonal selenium and hexagonal CdSe phases with nanometric crystallite size were revealed. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.