National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Large scale ZnO nanowire arrays were grown directly on zinc foils using the thermal oxidation in air method. The X-ray diffraction and reflectance investigations confirm that the as-grown nanowires properties are typical for ZnO having a hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure and band-gap values between 3.2 and 3.3 eV. The scanning electron microscopy images prove that the density and the dimensions (diameter and length) of the ZnO nanowires can be tuned by controlling the oxidation temperature. Wettability studies reveal in the case of Zn foils a hydrophilic behavior with high water droplet adhesion which is transformed into a superhydrophobic one with low water droplet adhesion after the foils' surfaces are covered with ZnO nanowires. Obtaining functional surfaces with such interesting wetting properties using a simple, inexpensive and highly reproducible thermal oxidation in air technique is very attractive for anticorrosion coatings and self-cleaning applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dense (95-98.6%) bulk boron carbide prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) in Ar or N-2 atmospheres were subject to three-point flexural tests at room and at 1600 degrees C. Eight different consolidation conditions were used via SPS of commercially available B4C powder. Resulting specimens had similar grain size not exceeding 4 mu m and room-temperature bending strength (sigma(25) (degrees C)) of 300-600 MPa, suggesting that difference in sigma(25) (degrees C) m is due to development of secondary phases in monolithic boron carbide ceramics during SPS processing. To explain such difference the composition of boron carbide and secondary phases observed by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. The variation in intensity of the Raman peak at 490 cm(-1) of boron carbide suggests modification of the boron carbide composition and a higher intensity correlates with a higher room temperature bending strength (sigma(25) (degrees C)) and Vickers hardness (HV). Secondary phases can modify the level of mechanical characteristics within some general trends that are not dependent on additives (with some exceptions) or technologies. Namely, HV increases, sigma(25) (degrees C) decreases, and the ratio sigma(1600 degrees C)/sigma(25 degrees C) (sigma(1600 degrees C) - bending strength at 1600 degrees C) is lower when fracture toughness (K-IC) is higher. The ratio sigma(1600 degrees C)/sigma(25 degrees C) shows two regions of low and high K-IC delimited by K-IC=4.1 MPa m(0.5): in the low K-IC region, boron carbide specimens are produced in nitrogen. (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

High density monolithic boron carbide specimens with grain size of 3-5 mu m were consolidated by spark plasma sintering using identical heating conditions and Ar or N-2 atmospheres. The effect of impurities from two different raw powders on the flexural strength was revealed. The increase in flexural strength was observed up to 1600 degrees C. Specimens consolidated in nitrogen had a higher strength than that consolidated in argon. Samples had the room temperature strength ranging from 350 to 550 MPa. The high temperature strength of our samples exceeding 400 MPa is higher than that previously reported for polycrystalline monolithic B4C. The supporting cracking/strengthening mechanism was discussed and proposed. (C) 2016 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

Graphene nanopowder (G) with average thickness particle size of about 6-8 nm was added to MgB2 commercial powder. Starting composition was (MgB2)((1-x))(G)(x),x = 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05. Processing was performed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique. All added samples have high density (above 95%). The critical temperature (T-c) and the lattice parameter a (c-axis lattice parameter is constant) show a small variation suggesting that carbon substitution for boron is low. TEM observations show the presence of un-reacted graphene plates supporting the T-c and structural results. It also indicates that G-addition does not modify the MgB2 microstructure. Despite this, there is an optimum doped sample (MgB2)(0.9875)(G)(0.0125) for which the critical current density at temperatures below 25 K is slightly higher at high magnetic fields than for the pristine sample. The addition of G is found as one of the least effective C-source additions enhancing J(c). We discuss results as being strongly related to variation of the residual stress. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The electrochemical deposition of ZnxTey thin films was studied in an ionic liquid consisted in choline chloride - ethylene glycol eutectic mixture (Ethaline). ZnCl2 and TeO2 precursors were dissolved in 5-24 millimolar concentrations and the temperature was maintained constant at 60 degrees C. Cyclic voltammograms on Pt from electrolytes with both Te4+ and Zn2+ ions displayed three cathodic processes as limiting currents or peaks: Te underpotential deposition, codeposition of ZnTe compound, and deposition of Zn-rich binary telluride. The corresponding anodic waves or peaks were also identified. The shape of Nyquist electrochemical impedance plots recorded on various applied polarization showed that the electrode first covers with a Te film, and then the more cathodic polarization produces a co-reduction of Te4+ with Zn2+ as ZnTe compound. The formation of Zn metal-rich ZnxTey film at excessive negative polarization is indicated by the lowest value of maximum phase angle in Bode plots. The Zn/Te ratio (apparent stoichiometry) in the films deposited on Cu substrate is controlled by carrying out constant potential electrolyses with different ionic ratios in Ethaline bath. Film morphology, elemental analysis, and crystalline structure were evidenced by SEM microscopy, EDX analysis and X-ray diffraction, respectively.

We investigate theoretically the spectral and dynamical effects of the short-range exchange interaction between a single manganese (Mn) atom hosted by cylindrical CdTe quantum dots and its light-hole excitons or biexcitons. Our approach is based on the Kohn-Luttinger k . p theory and configuration interaction method, the dynamics of the system in the presence of intraband relaxation being derived from the von Neumann-Lindblad equation. The complex structure of the light-hole exciton absorption spectrum reveals the exchange-induced exciton mixing and depends strongly on the Mn position. In particular, if the Mn atom is closer to the edges of the cylinder, the bright and dark light-hole excitons are mixed by the hole-Mn exchange alone. Consequently, their populations exhibit exchange-induced Rabi oscillations which can be viewed as optical signatures of light-hole spin reversal. Similar results are obtained for mixed biexcitons, in this case the exchange-induced Rabi oscillations being damped by the intraband hole relaxation processes. The effect of light-hole heavy-hole mixing is also discussed.

We report for the first time the microwave characterization of 0.92(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO(3-)0.08BaTiO(3) (BNT-BT0.08) ferroelectric thin films fabricated by the sol-gel method and integrated in both planar and out-of-plane tunable capacitors for agile high-frequency applications and particularly on the WiFi frequency band from 2.4 GHz to 2.49 GHz. The permittivity and loss tangent of the realized BNT-BT0.08 layers have been first measured by a resonant cavity method working at 12.5 GHz. Then, we integrated the ferroelectric material in planar inter-digitated capacitors (IDC) and in out-of-plane metal-insulator-metal (MIM) devices and investigated their specific properties (dielectric tunability and losses) on the whole 100 MHz-15 GHz frequency domain. The 3D finite-elements electromagnetic simulations of the IDC capacitances are fitting very well with their measured responses and confirm the dielectric properties determined with the cavity method. While IDCs are not exhibiting an optimal tunability, the MIM capacitor devices with optimized Ir/MgO(100) bottom electrodes demonstrate a high dielectric tunability, of 30% at 2.45 GHz under applied voltages as low as 10 V, and it is reaching 50% under 20V voltage bias at the same frequency. These high-frequency properties of the MIM devices integrating the BNT-BT0.08 films, combining a high tunability under low applied voltages indicate a wide integration potential for tunable devices in the microwave domain and particularly at 2.45 GHz, corresponding to the widely used industrial, scientific, and medical frequency band. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.

We report on the fabrication of n+3C/n-4H SiC heterojunction diodes (HJDs) potentially promising the ultimate thermal stability of the junction. The diodes were systematically analyzed by TEM, X-ray diffraction, AFM, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, indicating the formation of epitaxial 3C-SiC crystal on top of 4H-SiC substrate with continuous interface, low surface roughness, and up to similar to 7 x 10(17) cm(-3) dopant impurity concentration. The conduction band off-set is about 1 V as extracted from CV measurements, while the valence bands of both SiC polytypes are aligned. The HJDs feature opening voltage of 1.65 V, consistent with the barrier height of about 1.5 eV extracted from CV measurement. We finally compare the electrical results of the n+3C/n-4H SiC heterojunction diodes with those featuring Si and Ge doped anodes in order to evaluate current challenges involved in the fabrication of such devices. (C) 2016 AIP Publishing LLC.

Mesoporous carbon aerogels (CAs) impregnated with (Pt-Ru) nanoparticles were prepared, incorporated into carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) and investigated as electrocatalysts for CH3OH electro-oxidation. The sol gel method, followed by supercritical drying with liquid CO2 and thermal pyrolysis in an inert atmosphere, was used to obtain high mesoporous CAs. (Pt-Ru)/CAs nanocomposites with various (Pt-Ru) loading were prepared by using Ru(AcAc)(3) and H2PtCl6 as metal precursors and the impregnation method. The morpho-structural peculiarities of the so prepared (Pt-Ru)/CAs electrocatalysts were examined by using elemental analysis, N2 adsorption -desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Cyclic voltammetry measurements, carried out at (Pt-Ru)/CA-CPEs incorporating nanocomposites with various Pt-Ru loading and different specific surface areas, showed that CA with the highest specific surface area (843 m(2)/g) and impregnated with 6% (w/w) (Pt Ru) nanoparticles exhibit the best CH3OH electro-oxidation efficiency. The Michaelis Menten formalism was used to describe the dependence of the oxidation peak current on the CH3OH concentration, allowing the estimation of the modified electrodes sensitivities. Thus, for (Pt-Ru, 10%)/CA(535)-CPE was observed the highest sensitivity (12.5 +/- 0.8 mA/M) and, at the same time, the highest maximum current density ever reported (153.1 mA/cm(2) for 2 M CH3OH and an applied potential of 600 mV vs. SHE). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.