National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

This paper reports structural and morphological studies as well as in vivo evaluation of glycerol-iron-oxide nanoparticles (GIO-NPs) in order to investigate their influence on different organic tissues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies confirm the structure characteristic to iron oxide nanoparticles and their ellipsoidal shape. The histopathological examinations indicated that the studied nanoparticles induce many morphological alterations to the liver, kidneys and spleen tissues 24h, 48h and 72h exposure.

The most widely occurring collagen in the extracellular matrix of the mammalian tissues - type I collagen has attracted huge interest from both theoretical and practical points of view. The results presented herein are mainly confined to a study of the thermal stability of type I collagen (CI) extracted from calfskin in acidic solutions (10(-2) M HCl). A two-step process associated with the heat-induced denaturation of CI was revealed by using ultra sensitive differential scanning calorimetry. The minor endothermic transition (peak temperatures of about 30.5-30.8 degrees C) has been assigned to the defibrillation of small supramolecular CI assemblies (occurring in solution) while the major endothermic transition (about 34.8-35.0 degrees C) has been ascribed to denaturation of CI, consisting of a complete unfolding of the native triple-helical conformation of the collagen molecule. The calorimetric data were supported by information obtained from capillary viscometry performed on the same solutions. The native state of CI (molecular integrity and triple-helical conformation) for all the systems studied in this paper was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet circular dichroism and capillary viscometry. At the same time, based on the sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and an appropriate image processing of the corresponding electropherogram, a certain degree of intramolecular crosslinking of CI was detected, mainly between alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains of the collagen triple-helix. Such a feature seems to be caused by both the nature of the extraction procedure and the storage conditions.

Photoelectron spectroscopy studies of (001) oriented PbTi0.8Zr0.2O3 (PZT) single crystal layers with submicron resolution revealed areas with different Pb 5d binding energies, attributed to the different charge and polarization states of the film surface. Two novel effects are evidenced by using intense synchrotron radiation beam experiments: (i) the progressive increase of a low binding energy component for the Pb core levels (evidenced for both 5d and 4f, on two different measurement setups), which can be attributed to a partial decomposition of the PZT film at its surface and promoting the growth of metallic Pb during the photoemission process, with the eventuality of the progressive formation of areas with downwards ferroelectric polarization; (ii) for films annealed in oxygen under clean conditions (in an ultrahigh vacuum installation) a huge shift of the Pb 5d core levels (by 8-9 eV) towards higher binding energies is attributed to the formation of areas with depleted mobile charge carriers, whose surface density is insufficient to screen the depolarization field. This shift is attenuated progressively with time, as the sample is irradiated with high flux soft X-rays. The formation of these areas with strong internal electric field promotes these films as good candidates for photocatalysis and solar cells, since in the operation of these devices the ability to perform charge separation and to avoid electron-hole recombination is crucial.

The photoluminescent (PL) properties of composites based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and poly(2,2'-bithiophene-co-pyrene) (PBTh-Py), prepared by in situ chemical polymerization of the two monomers in the presence of carbon nanotubes, are reported. We demonstrate that the functionalization of SWNTs with PBTh-Py copolymer is revealed through a gradual quenching process of PL with the increase of SWNT content (semiconducting component) in the composite mass. FTIR spectroscopy indicates the existence of several steric hindrance effects that originate in the covalent functionalization of SWNTs with PBTh-Py copolymer. The film deposition of PBTh-Py copolymer and PBTh-Py/SWNTs composite onto rough Au supports induces changes in the FTIR spectrum, which originate in an adsorption mechanism caused by the preferential orientation of molecules on the metallic support. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy reveals the side-wall functionalization of SWNTs with PBTh-Py copolymer by changes in the shapes, peak position and relative intensities of different Raman lines.

We calculate the optical properties of atomic-sized core-shell graphene - boron nitride nanoflakes with triangular shaped cross-section using the density functional theory. The optical properties can be tuned by using different sizes and proportions of the core-shell materials. Anisotropic effects manifested in the absorption of unpolarized light with different orientations of the optical vector are pointed out.

In this study, we communicate an investigation on perovskite solar cell based on ZnO nanorod array and spiro OMeTAD film as electron and hole selective contacts. It was found that large thickness or small electrical conduction of the Li doped spiro OMeTAD layer and recombination processes at the interfaces contributed to the reduced efficiency of the solar cell.

Thermionic vacuum arc was successfully used to prepare high quality nanostructure thin films with different fields of applicability. One advantage of this deposition technique was the ability to have a controlled range of thicknesses starting from few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers. The purity of the thin films was insured by a high vacuum pressure and a lack of any kind of buffer gas inside the coating chamber. The aim of this work was to obtain significant magnetic response and to compare the MR to the structures obtained for two different granular combinatorial structures. The samples were investigated using scaning and transmision electron mycroscopy while SEM and The magnetic properties were first studied by measuring the electrical resistance behavior for a magnetic field of 0.3 T, at different values of the sample temperature and using a non-destructive optical method called Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE). The magnetoresistive effect obtained for the studied samples varied from 0.6% to 19% in respect sample structure and temperature for a constant magnetic field.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and TiO2/Au/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite thin films were grown by ultraviolet matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (UV-MAPLE) in controlled O-2 or N-2 atmospheres. An UV KrF* excimer laser (lambda = 248 nm, tau(FWHM) similar to 25 ns, nu = 10 Hz) was used for the irradiation of the MAPLE targets consisting of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) or mixtures of TiO2 NPs, Au NPs, and graphene oxide (GO) platelets in aqueous solutions. The effect of Au and GO addition as well as nitrogen doping on the photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 thin films was investigated. The evaluation of the photocatalytic activity was performed by photodegradation of the organic methylene blue model dye pollutant under UV-visible light, "simulated sun" irradiation conditions. Our results show that the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 were significantly improved by the addition of Au NPs and rGO platelets. Nitrogen inclusion into the rGO structure further contributes to the enhancement of the TiO2/Au/rGO nanocomposites photocatalytic activity.

We analyse the influence of the strain field on the parameters of trapping centres. The system under study is high resistivity Si implanted with Bi6+ and I6+ ions respectively, of 28 MeV kinetic energy, 3(O) off <100> axis orientation and 5x10(11) ions/cm(2) fluence. The strain field is the consequence of size and mass difference of the irradiation ions in respect to the atoms of the lattice, and the defects are produced during the slowing-down of ions, as a result of the energy transfer from the ion to Si atoms. These results are of interest for the design and manufacturing of microelectronic devices incorporating strain, particularly for quantum computers with qubits based on the interaction of electronic and nuclear spins of group-V donors in Si.

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials containing Zn ions were studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy to follow up rotational molecular dynamics of confined water. One main relaxation process was observed in the experimental window; it was assigned to fluctuations of water molecules forming a strongly adsorbed thin layer upon the oxide surface. The temperature dependence of the relaxation rates has an unusual shape characterized by the presence of a maximum. Despite the characteristic parameters, this non-monotonous dependence is shown to be a rather general feature for water confined to LDHs.