National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

The effects of Mo substitution in Pr2Fe17-xMox and PrFe12-xMox compounds were investigated by X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Different fitting procedures, using magnetic sextets at low temperature, magnetic sextets and quadrupole doublets at room temperature and paramagnetic doublets well above the Curie points, had to be considered in order to analyze the Mossbauer spectra. The Mossbauer data obtained on the Mo-containing compounds stand for distributions of the hyperfine fields due to the random distributions of Mo over the 6c sites in the 2:17 and 8i sites in the 1:12 compounds. The variations in the isomer shifts and hyperfine fields with composition are discussed in relationship to the local environment details at the different iron sites. Site-specific information on the electronic effects due to Fe(Sd)-Mo(4d) states hybridization are derived. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

Cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were deposited on glass substrate by precipitation from aqueous solution technique. The films were doped with copper using the direct method consisting in the addition of a copper salt (CuCl(2)) in the deposition bath of CdS. The doped films were annealed in air, at 300 degrees C, for 1 h. We report some structural, optical, electrical and photoelectrical properties of CdS thin films before and after Cu doping, correlated with investigation of trapping levels by Thermally Stimulated Currents (TSC) method. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

In this paper, we present Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) experiments performed successfully on some conducting polymers and carbon nanotubes deposited in thin films on rough metallic surfaces. The enhancement mechanism in SERS has a twofold origin: electromagnetic and chemical. The electromagnetic enhancement is, however, the dominant mechanism and consists in the excitation of localized and delocalized surface plasmons (SP). The second enhancing mechanism for SERS, not yet convincingly supported by experimental data, is of chemical origin. This mechanism is due to the increase of the polarizability of the molecules on the metal surface under the action of the incident radiation, leading to the formation of new chemical bonds between the molecules and the metal surface. Unfortunately, the experimental data available to argue the presence of a chemical process are scarce and scattered. In this paper, we try to present some details regarding this aspect. In order to do so, we studied poly 3-hexylthiophene (3-PHT) and polyaniline (PAN) as a function of the type of the rough metallic support (Ag, Au or Cu), the oxidization state and thickness of the polymer layer. We studied also carbon single walled nanotubes. Our experiments reveal the existence of a chemical surface effect. The results obtained for 3-PHT show that SERS spectra depend on the oxidizing properties of the metal surface and on the nature of the solvent. This dependence is explained by the existence of some interfacial reactions that lead to the formation of interface compounds. The SERS measurements reported here reveal an increase of the intensities of the Raman lines, accompanied by a modification of the corresponding intensity ratios, when the degree of doping is increased. We observe for the first time by SERS spectroscopy that doping of 3-PHT with FeCl3 leads to the appearance of a state of disorder in the structure of the macromolecular chain, as a result of steric hindrance effects. The type of the rough metallic support can modify SERS spectra and such an effect is clearly shown for the polyaniline case. No such dependence on metallic support type is observed on the SERS spectra of carbon nanotubes. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

This paper discusses the formation of "corals" arranged silver nanocrystals in a KCl matrix starting from Ag- ions ( similar to 10(17) ions/cm(3)) by subsequent thermal annealing at temperatures between 400-700 degrees C and 250 degrees C. In the last case only, by illumination with total radiation of a 100W Xe-lamp, spherical separated silver clusters were obtained. The stepwise annealing processes were followed by the recording of the optical absorption spectra at 20 degrees C. The sizes of silver clusters were determined through transmission electron microscopy. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

The photo-structural transformations induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation in Ge27Sb13Se60 amorphous thin films prepared by thermal evaporation method have been investigated. The mechanical, optical and structural data were investigated before and after irradiation of the fresh and annealed films. The modifications of the film structure and properties depend essentially on the state of the films: fresh or annealed below glass transition temperature.

One step synthesis of the superconducting Bi(Pb)-2223 phase during heat treatment for non-equilibrium decomposition of the freeze dried Bi:Pb:Sr:Ba:Ca:Cu = 1.8.0.4: 1.8:0.2:2.2:3.0 nitrate powder has been studied. The heating rate was similar to 100 degrees C min(-1) and samples were maintained in air at 848 degrees C for 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 240 and 1080 min. Each batch was investigated by x-ray diffraction analysis and ac magnetic susceptibility chi'(T). Evolution of phases and kinetics of phase formarion-decomposition processes were discussed. similar to 80% of Bi(Pb)-2223 has formed indicating the possibility of lowering the processing time of the freeze dried precursor powders by one order of magnitude comparative to the multistep synthesis route (from hundreds to tens of hours). A 30 min heat treatment step at 840 degrees C performed on the way up to the synthesis temperature is a forthcoming operation in order to block the formation of secondary undesired phases (e.g. (Ca1-xSrx)(14)Cu24O41).

Plasma vertical gradient freezing (PVGF) is a method for growing crystals from the melt in a vertical temperature gradient using a DC glow discharge heater. In particular, undoped crystals can be purified during growth because of the complex shape of the vertical temperature gradient. Standard samples of LiF and CaF2 single crystals grown by the PVGF method from material of 99.9% purity have the following parameters: (a) for lambda is an element of [2.5-5 mu m], average transmission coefficient is 97% for LiF and 92.5% for CaF2; (b) repeated (unlimited) pulse power density approximate to 218 w/mm(2) (1 pulse/min, pulse length = 350 mu s, lambda = 2.94 mu m) for LiF samples. CaF2, and LIF single crystals were grown in a nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 10(-1)-10(-2) Torr. They are used in laser optics. Some of these fluorides can be doped and used as active media, too. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Low energy hydrogen ion implantation in ZnO creates an accumulation layer near the surface, giving rise to a quantum well. The corresponding self-consistent Hartree problem is solved by taking into account the donor distribution resulting from the implantation process. The values of the surface potential as a function of repelled away electron concentration are derived. The resulting data are compared with experimental values obtained from space-charge capacitance measurements. A comparative study between the semi-classical and self-consistent quantum treatments is presented.

Metal structures in quartz crystals were obtained by electrodiffusion in air with different metal sources at the anode. The dynamics and the properties of these structures, for different conditions of temperature, applied electric field and anode material were studied. Current-voltage characteristics, Arrhenius plot, optical microscopy, electronic microscopy and thermoluminescence glow curve were employed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.