National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Several Tl-0 (6s(2)6p(1))-type paramagnetic centers, produced by low temperature X-ray irradiation, were observed and studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) in the orthorhombic ferroelectric phase of thallium doped Rb2ZnCl4 crystals. The centers were formed by electron trapping at Tl+ ions localized substitutionally at Rb+ sites. The number and properties of the observed centers account for the tripling of the unit cell in the ferroelectric phase.

The alkoxide route and the spinning deposition were used to prepare sol gel ITO films. The morphology and crystalline structure were investigated by Cross-section Transmission Electron Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy. The inside of the ITO layer has three regions of different porosity and the basic crystalline structure is that of the In2O3 lattice. Three types of surface morphological structures were found from AFM images.

Dark-brown crystalline powders and selected single crystals of cubic boron nitride grown by the HP-HT method, with boron excess, have been studied in a broad temperature range by electron spin resonance (ESR) in the X and W microwave frequency bands, respectively. The X-band spectra consist of two superimposed lorentzian components attributed to two types of related paramagnetic defects called D1 and D2, respectively. According to the W-band data, the D I centre exhibits local axial < 111 > symmetry and ground spin state S = 1/2, with g(parallel to) = 2,0033 and g(perpendicular to) = 2.0094 at T = 10 K. The broad D2 line, observed only in the X-band, at g = 2.0084, at higher temperatures, seems to result from transitions inside the excited levels of another boron related defect.

Conventional and mechanical activation techniques were used to prepare a soft PZT type piezoceramic material. The resulting powders exhibit micro and nanostructures, respectively as indicated by X-ray and electron microscopy. Average crystallite sizes of 1 mu and 50 nm respectively were estimated for the powders. The sintered behavior of pressed samples from the two types of powders was investigated within the 8001300 degreesC temperature range and the densities, structural morphology and dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated. Optimum sintering temperature were about 100 degreesC lower for samples made from mechanical activated powder compared to the conventionally ones. Sintered samples from this powder exhibited also enhanced properties compared to those made from the conventionaly prepared powder. It is concluded that the mechanical activation technique is a reliable and simple method to prepare high quality PZT type materials.

Previous Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) studies have shown that Fe2+ doped SrCl2 crystals grown in a chlorine atmosphere exhibit new trapped electron Fe+ centers after irradiation with X or gamma-rays at 77 K. Two types of such centers, called Fe+ (I) and Fe+ (II), both exhibiting axial [001] symmetry, have been identified. We present here the results of an Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) study in X and Q-band on the Fe+ (I) center, which has been found to be thermally stable up to 700K. The superhyperfine and quadrupole interactions of the paramagnetic Fe+ ion with the nearest Cl- ions have been determined from the ENDOR angular dependence data. The results strongly suggest that the Fe+ (I) center consists of a Fe+ ion in the center of a cube of eight Cl- ions, compressed along an[001] direction.

Structure of polyaniline (PAN)-C-60 nanocomposites was investigated by X-ray diffraction. Raman Spectroscopy was also used in order to find evidence for the C-60 - polymer interface interaction.

Using the new ion beam-induced luminescence (IBIL) apparatus in National Legnaro Laboratories, Italy, a series of measurements concerning both wide-area luminescence spectra and monochromatic luminescence maps with a space resolution of a few mum has been carried out on several CVD diamond and c-BN samples. Protons of 2 MeV with a penetration depth of approximately 25 mum have been used in order to investigate the materials in the bulk. These measurements have been correlated with particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and EPR data. The measurements have been performed at increasing proton doses in order to also investigate the radiation hardness of luminescence peaks. The results indicate that ionoluminescence of CVD diamond is dominated by three bands at approximately 2, 2.4 and 2.9 eV, with the intermediate band being very radiation-hard, and the other two radiation-weak. The band at 2 eV is correlated with N content, and is particularly high in samples with poor electronic properties. IBIL in c-BN is also dominated by three bands, one at approximately 2 eV, and the other two at higher energies with respect to CVD diamond. All these three bands seem to be relatively radiation-hard with respect to CVD diamond, and to be related to defects induced by doping. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Traps in Multi-Quantum Wells (nc-Si/CaF2)(50) nanostructures using Optical Charging Spectroscopy method were investigated. Three maxima and a final abrupt increase were found in the discharge current versus temperature characteristics. The relative contributions of the tunneling and displacement currents through the insulating calcium fluoride were analyzed.

This paper presents the results of the theoretical and experimental investigations on frequency-temperature characteristics of plan-parallel Y-cut langasite resonatons for various mass-loading conditions. Circular Sawyer Y-cut langasite blanks with 14mm diameter, Au electrodes with 7mm diameter and various thicknesses were used in experiments. The resonance frequencies were measured in the temperature range from -35degreesC to +100degreesC. First, second and third order of the frequency-temperature coefficients were computed for the fundamental third and fifth overtones. The electromechanical coupling factors were computed from measured fundamental and third harmonic resonance frequencies. The dependence of the turnover temperatures at the fundamental third and fifth overtones of the thickness-shear vibrations with the orientation angle of the cut YXI(alpha) was also calculated. The results allow to adjust a desired turnover temperature in accordance with a specific application, and reveal that the influence of the mass-loading on frequency-temperature characteristics of Y-cut langasite resonators is lower than in the case of AT-cut quartz resonators.

Coated quartz microbalances have been produced by spraying a dichloremethan solution of poly [tetradecylmethylsiloxane] on usual, 10 MHz, AT-cut quartz resonators. Standard sensitivity tests have been performed in a computer controlled system for gases and vapours mixing. The influence of the driving oscillator type working temperature, and humidity is observed and discussed.