National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Nitrogen-doped titanium oxide thin films covered by gold metal nanoparticles were grown on (001) SiO2 quartz substrates by pulsed laser deposition. A KrF* excimer laser source (lambda = 248 nm, tau (FWHM) a parts per thousand currency sign 25 ns, nu = 10 Hz) was used for the irradiation of TiO2 and gold metal targets. The experiments were performed in controlled reactive oxygen or nitrogen atmosphere. The layers were grown for photocatalytic applications. Evaluation of photocatalytic activity was performed by photodegradation of methyl orange under near-UV light irradiation. Our results show that nitrogen doping and addition of gold nanoparticles have complementary effects, photoactivity being significantly improved as compared to that of pure titanium oxide.

We address the existence of steady state Green-Keldysh correlation functions of interacting fermions in mesoscopic systems for both the partitioning and partition-free scenarios. Under some spectral assumptions on the non-interacting model and for sufficiently small interaction strength, we show that the system evolves to a NESS which does not depend on the profile of the time-dependent coupling strength/bias. For the partitioned setting we also show that the steady state is independent of the initial state of the inner sample. Closed formulae for the NESS two-point correlation functions (Green-Keldysh functions), in the form of a convergent expansion, are derived. In the partitioning approach, we show that the 0(th) order term in the interaction strength of the charge current leads to the Landauer-Buttiker formula, while the 1(st) order correction contains the mean-field (Hartree-Fock) results.

(Sn0.9-xIn0.1CuxO2-delta)-O-(I) (x = 0.02; 0.03 and 0.05 mol%) mesoarchitectures have been synthesized using an ionic surfactant (CTAB) as template for sensing applications. The procedure implies a facile, hydrothermal synthesis route in order to obtain mesoarchitectures built from nanoparticles. The sensors were obtained by screen-printing deposition onto planar Al2O3 substrates provided with interdigitated Pt electrodes on one side and a Pt heater on the back side. The assessment of the well organized porous structure, for the sensitive materials, as specific surface area and uniform pore size distributions were revealed by N-2 adsorption/desorption. The morphological and structural features of the resultant material were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the surface chemistry was closely monitored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thus, the incorporation of Cu1+ and In3+ into SnO2 lattice inducing the formation of oxygen vacancies combined with hydroxyl groups adsorbed on the outermost surface layer enhanced the sensitivity and selectivity of our sensing material. The sensors have been tested for NO2, CH4, CO, H2S target gases under humid air conditions very close to real working conditions. The sample with x = 0.05 mol% exhibits very attractive sensing properties for application as selective, low operating temperature (100 degrees C), low cost H2S sensor. With a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and further improvement of the synthesis one can foresee promising applications in catalysis. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The use of amorphous and transparent oxides is a key for the development of new thin film transistors and displays. Recently, indium zinc oxide (IZO) was shown to exhibit high transparency in the visible range, low resistivity, and high mobility. Since the properties and the cost of these films depend on the In/(In + Zn) values, the measurement of this ratio is paramount for future developments and applications. We report on accurate analysis of the elemental composition of IZO thin films synthesized using a Combinatorial Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. The monitoring of the thin films elemental composition by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was chosen in view of further in situ and real-time technological developments and process control during IZO fabrication. Our analytical approach is based on plasma modeling, the recorded spectra being then compared to the spectral radiance computed for plasmas in local thermal equilibrium. The cation fractions measured were compared to values obtained by complementary measurements using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Spectroscopic ellipsometry assisted the scientific discussion. A good agreement between methods was found, independently of the relative fraction of indium and zinc that varied from about 65 to 90 and 35 to 10 at%, respectively, and the measurement uncertainties associated to each analytical method.

This paper presents some studies about the preparation by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique of organic bulk heterojunctions made from the mixture of a star-shaped arylenevinylene compound, 4,4',4aEuro(3)-tris[(4'-diphenylamino)styryl] triphenylamine as donor and fullerene derivative, [6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid butyl ester, as acceptor, in the weight ratio 1:2. The mixed layer has been characterized by spectroscopic (UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared) and microscopic (AFM) methods, and the effects of the deposition conditions (number of pulses) and of a buffer layer of poly(aniline-co-aniline propane sulfonic acid) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) have been analyzed. The study of the electrical properties has revealed a typical solar cell behavior for the heterostructure glass/ITO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/4,4',4aEuro(3)-tris[(4'-diphenylamino)styryl] triphenylamine: [6, 6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid butyl ester/Al, confirming that MAPLE could be an adequate method for the preparation of active layer based on bulk heterojunction for solar cells.

Silver nanoparticles were obtained by picosecond laser ablation in water at 1064 nm, using focusing geometry to design the particles' size. The position of the target surface with respect to the focal point strongly influences the NPs' size: above and in the focus it is up to 20 nm and below focus <= 150 nm. Generated particles have a spherical shape. The solutions were further employed on human cells and the tests showed a deteriorating effect on DNA.

In order to study the effect of spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique synthesis SiC-MgB2 on the phase formation, the MgB2 and SiC-MgB2 bulks were fabricated with mixed powders by various SPS synthesis routes. The phase formation processes were investigated with the aid of X-ray diffraction analysis, TEM investigations and sintering theories. The solid-solid reaction between Mg and B powders formed MgB2 at low temperature. As the sintering temperature increases, the reactions of molten Mg with B form MgB2, and simultaneously, the molten Mg promotes the decomposition of SiC and nuclei of Mg2Si may form on the surface of SiC grains; the nascent MgB2 incorporates the carbon into lattice, hereby enhancing the SiC decomposition. The experimental results are in good agreement with the assumed chemical reaction.

The pyroelectric signal generated by an epitaxial Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3 film can be enhanced by continuous illumination with ultraviolet (UV) light. The measured signal increases more than 2 times at low modulation frequencies of the incident infrared (IR) radiation (similar to 10 Hz) and at wavelengths where the short-circuit photocurrent presents the maximum value (similar to 280-300 nm). The tentative explanation is that the changes in polarization induced by the temperature variation under modulated IR illumination are generating a variable internal electric field, able to collect the photogenerated carriers produced under continuous UV illumination leading to an additional signal in phase with the pyroelectric one. This finding could be exploited for designing pyroelectric detectors with enhanced characteristics by combining both UV and IR responses. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

Depressed cladding waveguides have been realized in Nd:YVO4 employing direct writing technique with a femtosecond-laser beam. It was shown that the output performances of such laser devices are improved by the reduction of the quantum defect between the pump wavelength and the laser wavelength. Thus, under the classical pump at 808 nm (i.e. into the F-4(5/2) level), a 100-mu m diameter circular waveguide inscribed in a 0.7-at.% Nd:YVO4 outputted 1.06-mu m laser pulses with 3.0-mJ energy, at 0.30 optical efficiency and slope efficiency of 0.32. The pump at 880 nm (i.e. directly into the F-4(3/2) emitting level) increased the pulse energy at 3.8 mJ and improved both optical efficiency and slope efficiency at 0.36 and 0.39, respectively. The same waveguide yielded continuous-wave 1.5-W output power at 1.06 mu m under the pump at 880 nm. Laser emission at 1.34 mu m was also improved using the pump into the F-4(3/2) emitting level of Nd:YVO4. (C)2014 Optical Society of America