National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is a widely studied material for electrochromic applications. The structure, morphology and optical properties of WO3 thin films, grown by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) from monoclinic WO3 nano-sized particles, were investigated for their possible application as electrochromic layers. A KrF* excimer (lambda = 248 nm, .zeta(FWHM)=25 ns) laser source was used in all experiments. The MAPLE deposited WO3 thin films were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cyclic voltammetry measurements were also performed, and the coloring and bleaching were observed. The morpho-structural investigations disclosed the synthesis of single-phase monoclinic WO3 films consisting of crystalline nano-grains embedded in an amorphous matrix. All thin films showed good electrochromic properties, thus validating application of the MAPLE deposition technique for the further development of electrochromic devices.

When a quantum dot is embedded into a superconducting environment, it leads to the formations of localized Shiba states inside the gap. If the Coulomb interaction is sufficiently small, the Shiba states consist of a pair of singlet states and a doublet, that compete for the ground state and induce a quantum phase transition. In the presence of an external microwave field, the Shiba energy spectrum is significantly modified. Moreover, the transmission of the cavity inherits features that can pinpoint the exact location of the quantum critical point. In terms of methods used, our analytical calculations are supplemented by state of the art numerical renormalization group calculations.

The electrospinning technique was employed for the preparation of SnO2 fibers starting from a precursor solution consisting of a tin salt, polyvinylpyrrolidone as carrier polymer and N,N-dimethylformamide as dispersion medium. In order to achieve single-phase crystalline structures, the as-spun fibers were calcined at 500, 700 or 900 degrees C, with two different heating rates of 1 or 10 degrees C/min. The thermally treated samples were characterized in terms of structure, morphology and bandgap by employing X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. A fine tuning of the bandgap width was attained through the selection of different values for the electrospinning and calcination parameters.

The electrical and photosensing properties correlated with structure and morphology of TiO2/(GeSi/TiO2)(2) multilayers are investigated. The multilayers are prepared by magnetron sputtering followed by rapid thermal annealing. Studies of Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction are carried out. Measurements of dark current versus voltage and temperature are done. The photosensing properties are studied by measuring photocurrent spectra at different temperatures. We obtain multilayers with 10 - 15 nm Ge0.6Si0.4 nanocrystals (NCs) by annealing at 800 degrees C. We evidence the tunneling mechanism between neighbor NCs (T-1/2 law) in the dark current-temperature dependence. The photocurrent spectrum has a maximum with position shifting from 940 to 980 nm when the measurement temperature increases from 150 to 300 K, being due to the GeSi NCs.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of samarium doped hydroxyapatite (Ca10-xSmx(PO4)(6)(OH)(2), x(Sm) = 0.02 and x(Sm) = 0.05) layers deposited on titanium substrate by a thermal evaporation technique. The morphology of the samarium doped hydroxyapatite layers deposited on a Ti (Ti-Sm:HAp_2 and Ti-Sm: HAp_5) substrate were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antifungal activity of the Sm:HAp layers was assessed using Candida albicans ATCC 10231 fungal strain. The biofilm development of the C. albicans on the Sm: HAp layers was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results have evidenced a significant inhibition of the fungal cells adherence and biofilm development on the Sm: HAp layers.

The results of the surface morphology studies as well as optical and electrical properties of nano -dimensional vanadium oxide composite structures deposited on various substrates- silica, glass substrates covered by conducting layer of SnO2, pure pyroceramics plates and the same covered by Al(2)O3, SiO2, Ta2O5 layers are presented. According to Raman spectroscopy results the thin film structure obtained on quartz corresponds to the a, -V2O5 orthorhombic phase. In contrast with this the Raman spectra of V2O5 films obtained on pyroceramics substrates, passivated by Al2O3, Ta2O5, SiO2 oxides, do not appear clearly marked narrow lines which indicate their amorphous character. The investigation of the optical properties of the fabricated layers in the spectral range of 200-1000 nm had revealed the presence of both allowed direct and indirect electron transitions. In the frequency range of 10(3)-10(7) Hz the real Z' and imaginary Z '' part of the total impedance of pyroceramics/Al2O3/Al/V2O5/AI structure were studied. The applied direct bias leads to a considerable Z', as well as Z '' decrease. The analysis of the obtained dependencies is carried out by using the method of equivalent circuits.

Capacitance-voltage (C-V) hysteresis of metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor (MFS) structure based on a-In2GaZnO5.5 and Pb0.2Zr0.8TiO3 layers are recorded in the 350-470 K range. The structure is grown on FTO/glass to obtain a transparent MFS. The memory functionality of the heterostructure is proved through C-V and P-V characteristics. The memory window is dependent on the temperature, the largest value of 2.5 V being obtained at 470 K, where the contribution of the ferroelectric-semiconductor interface defect states is minimized. The direction of C-V hysteresis is clockwise at 350 K, and it turns counterclockwise at higher temperatures where the ferroelectric polarization has the main contribution.

Commercial MgB2 powder was loaded into a Fe-tube, by plastic deformation a tape of similar to 0.5 mm in thickness and 6.9 mm in width was obtained. Short pieces were processed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) at 950, 1050 and 1150 degrees C for 3 min. The optimum sintering temperature is 1050 degrees C. From magnetic/electrical measurements, the onset critical temperature and the irreversibility field at 5 K were 38.7 / 38.9 K and 6.2 / 13.5 T, respectively. The pinning-force-related parameters indicate that the dominant flux pinning mechanism is of point pinning type. Contribution of grain boundary pinning is stronger at lower temperatures.