National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) offers a good corrosion resistance and tissue tolerance. The interfacial phenomena between biomaterial and biological fluids depend especially on surface chemistry, energy, roughness and topography of the implant Different methods are used to modify CP-Ti surface in order to improve its bonding properties to bone tissue. Besides the mechanical approaches, chemical etching and chemical oxidation, there are also other procedures improving the biocornpatibility. One of the most important involves the deposition of a bioceramic thin layer on the metallic surface. A bioceramics frequently used is hydroxyapatite (HA), the mineral component of the bone. In this paper. the main objective was to study the effects of different surface pretreatments on adherence of hydroxyapatite layer obtained by electrochemical method. The CP-Ti substrate was used in different treated states of the surface. The applicability of the electrochemical technique is relieved by the fact that it is a very rapid method, requires relatively low temperatures, being also very versatile. The obtained coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) associated with EDX (Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction method (XRD). The adherence of the layers was evaluated by the "pull-out" test. The quality of the coating (morphology and adhesion properties) is decisively influenced by the electrochemical parameters and also by the surface state.

We present a careful analysis of field characteristics in two-dimensional photonic crystals with square and hexagonal symmetry designed in a Si/SiO2/Cu heterostructure. A special attention is devoted to frequencies close to photonic band gap. Following the symmetry classification in odd and even modes, their field characteristics are studied. The material prepared in a dedicated deposition chamber in ultra-high vacuum by annealing the Si/SiO2 substrate and subsequent deposition of 10 angstrom copper in order to prevent the sample oxidation, allows the study of the photonic characteristics of the copper/silicon oxide/silicon interface. The chemical state of the Cu/SiO/Si system is addressed by photoelectron spectroscopy which allows us to deduce the amount of crystalline Si and amorphous oxide. In this manner a precise estimation of the dielectric constant of the materials is possible. It is expected that at the interface with copper, a strong confinement of radiation should appear due to high reflectivity of copper.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis was conducted on europium-doped hydroxyapatite, Ca10-xEux (PO4)(6)(OH)(2) nanocrystalline powders (Eu:HAp) with 0 < x(Eu) < 0.2. Antimicrobial studies were also performed for the first time on Eu: HAp. The antimicrobial properties of Eu: HAp nanoparticles with 0 < x(Eu) <= 0.2 on Gram-negative (E. coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1397) andGram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus 0364, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212) bacteria systems and a species of fungus (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) were reported. Our study demonstrates that the antimicrobial activity of Eu: HAp nanoparticles is dependent on the europium concentration.

The synthesis of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (MF-MPs) is one of the most active research areas in advanced materials as their multifunctional surfaces allow conjugation of biological and chemical molecules, thus making it possible to achieve target-specific diagnostic in parallel to therapeutics. We report here a simple strategy to integrate in a one-step reaction several reactive sites onto the particles. The preparation of MF-MPs is based on their simultaneous modification with differently functionalized dopamine derivatives using simple solution chemistry. The formed MF-MPs show comparable magnetic properties to those of naked nanoparticles with almost unaltered particle size of around 25 nm. The different termini, amine, azide and maleimide functions, enable further functionalization of MF-MPs by the grafting-on approach. Michael addition, Cu(I) catalyzed << click >> chemistry and amidation reactions are performed on the MF-MPs integrating subsequently 6-(ferrocenyl)-hexanethiol, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and mannose.

Iron layers are grown on GaAs(001) single crystal wavers by magnetron sputtering and characterized by magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that all deposited layers, starting with 2 nm thickness, are ferromagnetic at room temperature with a relatively high coercitive field (500 to 750 Oe). The average Fe magnetic moment is larger for the thinnest Fe film deposited, of about 0.52 Bohr magnetons per Fe atom. The average Fe magnetic moment decreases to 0.26 Bohr magnetons, then to 0.17 Bohr magnetons for 4 and 8 nm, resepctively. XPS evidenced that the outermost Fe layers are oxidized; however, the thinnest Fe film presented the lower oxidation state. We may connect this reaction with Fe-As bonds, resulting in a nonferromagnetic interface compound. Indeed, XPS depth profiling of the 8 nm sample evidenced the formation of a very thin (about 1.4 nm) Fe metal layer immediately at the interface with GaAs. In this layer, Fe may reach an atomic magnetic moment as high as 1 Bohr magneton.

The fast decomposition of hydrozincite [Zn-5(CO3)(2)(OH)(6)] into ZnO observed in the transmission electron microscope could be slowed down and investigated in situ by operating the microscope at very low electron beam current densities and cooling the specimen down to -160 degrees C. Thus, it was possible to observe and pursue the distinct structural steps of the disruption of the hydrozincite lattice due to the energetic emission of H2O and CO2 gases. The initially formed disordered ZnO phase was found to further crystalize resulting in a mesoporous structure of small ZnO nanocrystals.

We report the film deposition of Poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) particle systems by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique. PLGA+polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PLGA+PVA+ bovine serum albumin (BSA) and PLGA+PVA+chitosan (CH) nanoparticles were prepared by an oil-in-water emulsion-diffusion-evaporation method. The average diameter of PLGA particles was between 180-250 nm. The coatings were obtained by laser evaporation of frozen targets prepared by mixing appropriate PLGA aqueous suspensions and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in three ratios. Depending on the DMSO content, we deposited PLGA particles embedded into polymeric layer mainly obtained due to the entirely or partially dissolving of nanoparticles into the initial solution. In vitro results showed that the distribution and morphology of osteoblast-like SaOs-2 cells on some PLGA particle coatings were similar with that of the positive control. The purpose of this study was to develop layers of PLGA particles for local controlled drug delivery.

This paper presents the experimental data regarding the levels of free radicals investigated by electron spin resonance (ESR) on wheat flour and wheat bran exposed to an electron beam. Samples were irradiated with an electron linear accelerator of 6 MeV and then stored at room temperature in air. ESR spectra of the samples indicated presence of free radicals induced by electron beam. Three types of free radicals have been detected in wheat flour, and signals typical for cellulose-like radicals have been noticed for wheat bran, their concentration increasing with the irradiation dose. The postirradiation storage of both sample types caused radical decay with a two-step pattern associated with fast decay of short-life radicals followed by slow reduction of long-life radicals. However, in the first step, the irradiated wheat bran exhibited more rapid decay of radicals than irradiated flour owing to their different complex matrixes, which led to paramagnetic structures of different origin after exposure to an electron beam. The ESR technique allows the detection of free radicals induced in wheat flour and bran by electron beam for a limited period after irradiation that could be shorter than the shelf life of the products.

Ru(III)/functionalized silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Ru(III)-MNP) were proven to be a highly active, selective and easily recoverable catalyst for the oxidation of levulinic acid to succinic acid under green conditions.

In this paper we show that preparation of Ag doped hydroxyapatite by an adapted co-precipitation method at 100 C has several advantages over other techniques. Specifically, it can generate highly crystalline nanopowder Ag:HAp which could be used for implantable medical devices. The XRD of HAp (x(Ag) = 0) and Ag:HAp (x(Ag) = 0.05, and x(Ag) = 0.4) also demonstrates that powders obtained by co-precipitation at 100 C exhibit the apatite characteristics with good crystal structure and no new phase or impurity is found. The SEM results suggested that Ag+ doping had little influence on the morphology and dimension of the samples. It can be seen that all the samples consist of elipsoidal particles. The antibactericidal activity of Ag:HAp-NPs with x(Ag) = 0, x(Ag) = 0.05, and x(Ag) = 0.4 on Bacilus and E.coli ESBL 1576 were presented. The Ag:HAp-NPs with x(Ag) = 0.05, and x(Ag) = 0.4 inhibited the biofilm development both by the gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus 0364) and the gram-negative (Providencia stuartii 1116) strains. On the other hand, our studies have shown that Ag:HAp with x(Ag) = 0 had no antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.