National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Iron oxide oxide nanoparticles were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. The nanoparticles were mixed with dextran in distilled water. The obtained solutions were frozen in liquid nitrogen and used as targets during matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation for the growth of hybrid, iron oxide nanoparticles-dextran thin films. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction investigations revealed that the obtained films preserve the structure and composition of the initial, non-irradiated iron oxide-dextran composite material. The biocompatibility of the iron oxide-dextran thin films was demonstrated by 3-(4.5 dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-based colorimetric assay, using human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The complementary investigation techniques, Mossbauer spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction (TEM/SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to investigate the fate of the Valea lui Stan, Romania, gold-ore nanoscale-minerals during the long time of residence in the waste dumps. The preliminary investigations showed such waste dumps to contain significant amount of metals which cannot be identified by conventional methods. An intense research activity started up in order to evaluate the possibilities to recycle Valea lui Stan waste dumps and to recover metals by chemical or phytoextraction procedures. The waste dumps naturally show different mineral constituents with clay minerals as major phases, observed by XRD-technique. Although the waste dumps materials have whitish-yellowish colours, MOSSBAUER technique evidences the presence of the finely dispersed iron bearing minerals. The authors are focusing to inspect and analyze Fe-compounds in the samples collected from Valea lui Stan's waste dumps in order to identify the magnetic phases by Mossbauer technique.

Iron doped (0.25-7.5% molar) hydrothermal nano-SnO2 was characterized by electron magnetic resonance (EMR) and Mossbauer spectroscopies. Only a small fraction of transition metal ions are in magnetic ordered state, contrary to the similar crystallographic compound TiO2. Temperature dependences of spectra suggest that by increasing iron concentration, or annealing temperature, iron ions migrate to nanoparticles surfaces forming disordered iron oxides.

We study the quantum properties and statistics of photons emitted by a quantum-dot biexciton inside a cavity. In the biexciton-exciton cascade, fine-structure splitting between exciton levels degrades polarization-entanglement for the emitted pair of photons. However, here we show that the polarization-entanglement can be preserved in such a system through simultaneous emission of two degenerate photons into cavity modes tuned to half the biexciton energy. Based on detailed theoretical calculations for realistic quantum-dot and cavity parameters, we quantify the degree of achievable entanglement. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America

Polycrystalline ferroelectric lead-free (Bi0.5Na0.5)(0.95)Ba0.05TiO3 (BNT-NT0.05) thin films have been deposited on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates by an optimized sol-gel/spin-coating process. The film thermal treated at 700 degrees C is dense and well crystallized in the rhombohedral perovskite phase. The film is composed of polyhedral shaped primary particles with an average size of approximately 35 nm, and has a smooth surface of 4.52 nm root mean square roughness (RMS). The nanoscale electrical properties of the film were investigated by piezoforce microscopy (PFM). The PFM data showed that most of the grains seem to be constituted of ferroelectric multiple domains. The maximum dielectric constant measured at zero bias voltage is about 210 and the leakage current density has a value of about 3 x 10(-5) A/cm(2) at an applied voltage about 8 V. These results indicate that, the BNT-NT0.05 thin film is a promising functional lead-free ferroelectric material. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

We investigate the interplay between the spin interference and the Fano effect in a three-lead mesoscopic ring with a side-coupled quantum dot (QD). A uniform Rashba spin-orbit coupling and a perpendicular magnetic field are tuned such that the ring operates as a spin splitter in the absence of the QD: one lead is used to inject unpolarized electrons and the remaining (output) leads collect almost polarized spin currents. By applying a gate potential to the quantum dot a pair of spin-split levels sweeps the bias window and leads to Fano interference. The steady-state spin and charge currents in the leads are calculated for a finite bias applied across the ring via the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism. When the QD levels participate to transport we find that the spin currents exhibit peaks and dips whereas the charge currents present Fano lineshapes. The location of the side-coupled quantum dot and the spin splitting of its levels also affect the interference and the output currents. The opposite response of output currents to the variation of the gate potential allows one to use this system as a single parameter current switch. We also analyze the dependence of the splitter efficiency on the spin splitting on the QD. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Different hybrid structures were obtained by coating magnetic nanoparticles of perovskite type manganite at optimal doping (La0.67Sr0.33MnO3, LSMO) with different quantities of polypyrrole (PPy). The amorphous layer of polypyrrole surrounding the crystalline magnetic core was observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and analyzed by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements in near edge structure (XANES) techniques. By analyzing the magnetic behavior of the samples one can observe that the surface modification of magnetic nanoparticles by PPy results in an increase in the saturation magnetization of the composites. The process is ascribed to paired electrons transferred from the delocalized p states of the PPy into the outer disordered layers of the manganite. The analysis of pre-edge peak of the Mn K-edge XANES spectra in the case of PPy coated LSMO nanoparticles indicates that the charge transfer between polymer and nanoparticles is (directed) going to missing or distorted oxygen positions, hence increasing the 3d electrons' mobility and orbital hybridization between the neighboring manganese ion. As a consequence, within the surface layers of LSMO nanoparticles, both energy bands disrupted the structure, and the double exchange process between Mn ions was reestablished determining the saturation magnetizations and pre-edge features increase, respectively. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3686662]

This study presents a correlated study of structural, reactivity, and magnetic properties of ultrathin Fe layers grown on Si(001) by molecular beam epitaxy in ultrahigh vacuum. The interface reactivity is characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy. The surface structure is characterized by low electron energy diffraction with spot profile analysis. The magnetism of the synthesized layers is investigated by magneto-optical Kerr effect. At room temperature, metal Fe layers with poor long-range order are synthesized; these layers are ferromagnetic with an extremely low coercitive field (below 1 Oe). The reactivity with Si is low in this case, with formation of an interface layer of about 8 angstrom Fe equivalent thickness with about 7 at.% Si diffused. Samples synthesized at higher temperatures (500 degrees C) exhibit better long-range order, though the Fe reactivity with Si is higher and leads to the formation of an interface compound whose approximate stoichiometry is very close to Fe(3)Si. Once this compound is formed (for an equivalent Fe thickness of about 14 monolayers), disordered metal Fe islands are developing with subsequent Fe deposition, which contain also about 8 at.% Si diffused. These structures exhibit a much lower ferrimagnetism, with saturation magnetization about one order of magnitude lower than in the case of the room temperature synthesis. In this case of high temperature synthesis, two phases are observed, a ferrimagnetic one and a superparamagnetic one.

Horseradish peroxidase immobilization inside molecular sieves with pores hexagonally structured as such or functionalized with copper ions is presented in comparison with the bidimensional immobilization onto aerosil A380 particles. Immobilization was performed under mild conditions that do not lead to enzyme denaturation. Guest-host interactions were pursued spectrophotometrically and by thermal analysis measurements. FTIR spectroscopy showed no major secondary structural change for the entrapped enzyme despite some influence of the support functionalization that can be supposed. The activity of the immobilized enzyme was tested in the oxidation of Alizarin Red S (ARS) with hydrogen peroxide. It was found that the dye oxidation is catalyzed by the enzyme in homogeneous reaction but the rate becomes much slower in heterogeneous catalytic processes with prepared catalysts. It seems that horseradish peroxidase immobilization in simple porous silica or alumino-silica post synthesis blocks the enzyme activity. In addition, copper ions make a stable complex with ARS hindering its oxidation as well.

The electrochemical behaviour of Se(IV) ion on Pt electrode in ionic liquids containing choline chloride - urea and choline chloride - ethylene glycol eutectics (1:2 mole ratio) was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in open air conditions. Cyclic voltammograms showed a cathodic peak of selenium massive deposition preceeded by one or more waves corresponding to UPD processes. It is followed by another cathodic peak of Se(II) anion formation. It was found a diffusion control of reduction process and, therefore, the value of the diffusion coefficient of Se(IV) ion in ChCl-urea ionic liquid at 60 degrees C was calculated. EIS spectra as Nyquist and Bode plots confirm the potential range for bulk selenium deposition and formation of thin selenium films.