National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

We synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (Ba,Sr,Y)TiO3 and (Ba,Pb,Y)TiO3 thin films on mechanically polished nickel substrates. The synthesized thin films were analyzed for: crystalline structure by X-ray diffractometry, morphology and surface topography by atomic force microscopy, optical and scanning electron microscopy, and elemental composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electrical properties by electrical measurements. We have shown that film properties were determined by the dopants, target composition, and deposition parameters (oxygen pressure, substrate temperature and incident laser fluence). All films exhibited a semiconducting behavior, as proved by the decrease of electrical resistance with heating temperature. (C) 2010 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

Bismuth-germanate glass ceramics with the composition 40% Bi2O3-60% GeO2 (in molar percents) were prepared through controlled crystallization of melt-quenched glass. The Raman and FTIR spectra recorded in the as-made glasses show broad bands at 240, 400, 780 cm(-1) and 400, 745 cm(-1) have been assigned Ge-O bonds which appear right after preparation. X-ray diffraction has shown that the as-made glasses are amorphous, but after annealing above the crystallization temperature at 558 degrees C, BGO nano-crystallites with a size of about 50 nm precipitate in the glass matrix. The Raman and FTIR spectra reveal sharp peaks associated to the "internal" and "external vibrations" of GeO4 tetrahedral groups inside the BGO nano-crystallites. In the glass ceramic sample the transparency region is shifted at longer wavelengths compared to as-made glass, due to the Rayleigh scattering on the BGO nano-crystallites. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Glass-ceramics containing Eu3+-doped CaF2 nanocrystals of about 16 nm size have been made using the controlled crystallization at higher temperatures of the Eu3+-doped CaF2-SiO2 xerogels. In the glass-ceramic material the Eu3+ ions are embedded in both silica network and in the non-centrosymmetric sites of the CaF2 nanocrystals structure. Lower phonon energy of CaF2 and the dehydratation processes reduce the probability of non-radiative de-excitations and as a result a luminescence enhancement and an increase of the PL lifetime is observed. Eu-doping modifies the traps distribution within the glass-ceramics and as a result an additional broad thermoluminescence peak at about 380 degrees C was observed. The peak was assigned to the recombination of the electrons thermal released from the Eu3+-related traps in the glass matrix and in the CaF2 nanocrystals. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The sheltered transfer and immobilization of rabbit anti-human antiserum immunoglobulin G (IgG) by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) are reported. The iced targets submitted to laser irradiation consisted of 0.2-2 mg/mL IgG blended or not with lipid (L-a-phosphatidylcholine dipalmitoyl) dissolved in distilled water-based saline buffer. Thin IgG coatings were obtained at room temperature onto glass, fused silica, or silicon substrates. Ten thousand subsequent laser pulses of 0.33, 0.5, or 0.67 J/cm(2) fluence were applied for the synthesis of each sample. Morphology and composition of the thin films were studied by optical, scanning, and atomic force microscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry. Optical labeling methods such as spectrofluorimetry and fluorescence microscopy were selected to verify the biosensor transduction principle because of their high sensitivity for detecting low amounts of antigen (IgG). Protein immobilization to the substrate surface was demonstrated for all obtained structures after immersion in the donkey anti-rabbit secondary antibody solution. The IgG transfer and immobilization onto substrates were improved by addition of lipid to MAPLE solutions. (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 96A: 384-394, 2011.

Superconducting materials have contributed significantly to the development of modern materials science and engineering. Specific technological solutions for their synthesis and processing helped in understanding the principles and approaches to the design, fabrication and application of many other materials. In this review, we explore the bidirectional relationship between the general and particular synthesis concepts. The analysis is mostly based on our studies where some unconventional technologies were applied to different superconductors and some other materials. These technologies include spray-frozen freeze-drying, fast pyrolysis, field-assisted sintering (or spark plasma sintering), nanoblasting, processing in high magnetic fields, methods of control of supersaturation and migration during film growth, and mechanical treatments of composite wires. The analysis provides future research directions and some key elements to define the concept of 'beautiful' technology in materials science. It also reconfirms the key position and importance of superconductors in the development of new materials and unconventional synthesis approaches.

The chemical polymerization of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the presence of phosphomolybdic acid (H3PMo12O40 xH(2)O) has been studied by surface enhanced resonant Raman scattering (SERRS) spectroscopy. One demonstrates that an organic-inorganic hybrid composite of the type poly(o-phenylenediamine)/polyoxometallate-functionalized SWCNTs is produced by the chemical interaction between polyoxometallate-functionalized SWCNTs and poly(o-phenylenediamine) (POPD) doped with [H2PMo12O40](-) ions. According to TEM investigations, a result of the chemical interaction of SWCNT with H3PMo12O40 xH(2)O is the formation into the composite mass of tube fragments of shorter length, which behave like closed shell fullerenes since Raman fingerprint is given by lines situated at 240-275 and 1450-1472 cm(-1). The chemical polymerization of OPD on SWCNTs achieved in the absence of H3PMo12O40 xH(2)O leads to a covalent functionalization of the wall side of the tubes, which is revealed in Raman spectra, recorded at the excitation wavelength of 514 nm, by an enhancement of the lines associated with the tangential vibrational modes of SWCNTs. Using FTIR spectroscopy, significant hindrance steric effects are evidenced in the POPD/polyoxometallate-functionalized SWCNT composite. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The EPR, radioluminescence, and photoluminescence of cubic ZnS (cZnS) nanocrystals (NCs) with a narrow size distribution centered at 2 nm, doped with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 at.% Mn2+ ions were investigated. Besides the main lines from substitutional Mn2+ ions localized in the core of the NCs next to a stacking defect, the EPR spectra exhibited two broader hyperfine sextets, attributed to the so-called Mn(II)and Mn(III) surface centers, which could be separated by adequate thermal treatments. The contribution to the photoluminescence from the Mn2+ ions at various sites was further determined from the analysis of the steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence data from cZnS: Mn NCs subjected to thermal treatments and from cZnS: Mn single crystals. Thus, the main emission consisting of two intense overlapping bands peaking at 596 and 630 nm was attributed to the T-4(1)-(6)A(1) transition of the substitutional Mn2+ ions in the core of the cZnS nanocrystals and to residual aggregated Mn2+ ions, respectively, the last ones being responsible for a broad EPR line observed in the X-band spectrum. The Mn(II) and Mn(III) centers, consisting of Mn2+ ions in the oxidized and hydrolyzed surface layer of the NCs, respectively, are only indirectly involved in the energy transfer to the substitutional Mn2+ centers, very likely through pairs interaction.

Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O-3 (BZT) dielectric resonators were prepared by solid-state reaction. The starting materials were BaCO3, ZnO, and Ta2O5 powders with high purity. The double calcined BZT pellets were sintered in air at temperatures of 1575, 1600, 1625, and 1650 degrees C for 4 h. The X-ray diffraction data allowed the study of the unit cell distortion degree and the presence of the secondary phases. A long-range order with a 2:1 ratio of Ta and Zn cations on the octahedral positions of the perovskite structure was observed with the increase of the sintering temperature. The dielectric constant of BZT resonators measured around 6 GHz was between 26 and 28. High values of Q x f product (120 THz) were obtained for BZT resonators sintered at 1650 degrees C/4 h. The temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency exhibits positive values less than 6 ppm/degrees C. The achieved dielectric parameters recommend BZT dielectric resonators for microwave and millimeter wave applications. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Free radicals generation is inhibited through green light (GL) irradiation in cellular systems and in chemical reactions. Standard melanocyte cultures were UV-irradiated and the induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified by the fluorescence technique. The same cell cultures, previously protected by a 24 h GL exposure, displayed a significantly lower ROS production. A simple chemical reaction is subsequently chosen, in which the production of free radicals is well defined. Paraffin wax and mineral oil were GL irradiated during thermal degradation and the oxidation products checked by chemiluminescence [CL] and Fourier transform infrared spectra [FT-IR]. The same clear inhibition of the radical oxidation of alkanes is recorded. A quantum chemistry modeling of these results is performed and a mechanism involving a new type of Rydberg macromolecular systems with implications for biology and medicine is suggested. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.