National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

In this study, the cerium-doped hydroxyapatite (Ca10-xCex(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) with x(Ce) = 0.1, 10Ce-HAp) coatings obtained by the spin coating method were presented for the first time. The stability of the 10Ce-HAp suspension particles used in the preparation of coatings was evaluated by ultrasonic studies, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface morphology of the 10Ce-HAp coating was studied by SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The obtained 10Ce-HAp coatings were uniform and without cracks or unevenness. Glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for the investigation of fine chemical depth profiling. The antifungal properties of the HAp and 10Ce-HAp suspensions and coatings were assessed using Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (C. albicans) fungal strain. The quantitative antifungal assays demonstrated that both 10Ce-HAp suspensions and coatings exhibited strong antifungal properties and that they successfully inhibited the development and adherence of C. albicans fungal cells for all the tested time intervals. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) visualization of the C. albicans fungal cells adherence to the 10Ce-HAp surface also demonstrated their strong inhibitory effects. In addition, the qualitative assays also suggested that the 10Ce-HAp coatings successfully stopped the biofilm formation.

A dual strategy for the electrochemical detection for 20S proteasome (20S) is proposed, based on the oriented immobilization of a capture monoclonal antibody (Ab beta) on a self-assembled monolayer of 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) on gold electrodes, which led to the Au/4-MPBA/Ab beta immunosensor. The methodology comprises the correlation of 20S concentration with (i) its proteolytic activity toward the Z-LLE-AMC substrate, using the Au/4-MPBA/Ab beta/20S, and (ii) the enzymatic activity of an alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) from the AlkP-labeled secondary antibody (Ab(core)-AlkP), which involves the conversion of aminophenylphosphate to the electroactive aminophenol using Au/4-MPBA/Ab beta/20S/Ab(core)-AlkP. The step-by-step construction of the immunosensor and the interactions at its surface were evaluated by surface plasmon resonance and gravimetric analysis with quartz crystal microbalance, showing a high affinity between both antibodies and 20S. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a pattern of parallel lines upon immobilization of Ab beta on 4-MPBA and morphological changes to a well-organized granular structure upon binding of 20S. A voltametric and impedimetric characterization was performed after each step in the immunosensor construction. The two detection strategies were evaluated. It was shown that the immunosensor responds linearly with 20S concentration in the range between 5 and 100 mu g mL(-1), which corresponds to proteasome levels in serum in the case of diverse pathological situations, and LoD values of 1.4 and 0.2 mu g mL(-1) were calculated for the detection strategies. The immunosensor was applied to the detection of 20S in serum samples with recovery values ranging from 101 to 103%.

Properties of epitaxial PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) films deposited on Si substrates were investigated for integration in the present CMOS technology. Polarization is downward oriented, in association with the presence of an internal electric field, and has a lower value compared to the PZT films deposited on single crystal perovskite SrTiO3 (STO) substrates (40 mu C/cm(2) versus 80 mu C/cm(2)), while the dielectric constant is larger (180 versus 120). Large value for the pyroelectric coefficient was also found, 1.22 x 10(-3)C/m(2)K, as for PZT grown on single crystal STO. The macroscopic ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties appear to be affected by the structural quality and stoichiometry of the PZT film. The changes in the electric properties are an effect of the strain gradients induced by the large difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of PZT and Si substrate, leading in turn to Pb oxidation and antisite defect formation compared to PZT films deposited on STO substrates.

Two novel graphene oxide-benzofuran derivatives composites were obtained through the covalent immobilization of [4-hydrazinyl-7nitrobenz-[2,1,3-d]-oxadiazole (NBDH) and respectively, N1-(7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5] oxadiazol-4-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (NBD-PD), on graphene oxide. This covalent functionalization was achieved by activating the carboxylic groups on the surface of graphene oxide by the reaction with thionyl chloride followed by coupling with the amino group of benzofurazane derivatives to obtain the NBD derivatives grafted on graphene oxide. The formation of new materials was check by Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental mapping. The antimicrobial effect of the new composites was evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, both on planktonic and adherent biofilm populations. The cytotoxic effects of the materials on human colon cancer HCT-116 cell line and the normal human fibroblast BJ cell line were evaluated by investigating cell viability and membrane integrity. Apoptosis and colony forming ability of tumor cells were also investigated following exposure to new materials. The biological results of this study have shown that the new materials have potential in combating biofilm formation and also, the tested materials induced cytotoxicity in human colon cancer HCT-116 cell line with limited effects on normal BJ fibroblasts, suggesting their antitumor potential.

Lanthanum orthophosphate (LaPO4) and La0.95-xCe0.05MnxPO4 (x = 0.00, 0.03, 0.10) phosphors were synthesized by a simple and cost-efficient co-precipitation method and the formation of LaPO4 nanorods with a monoclinic P21/n crystal structure was observed. X-ray diffraction pattern analysis indicated a slight distortion of the LaPO4 crystalline structure and an increase of the lattice strain as a consequence of the Mn2+ and Ce3+ dopants incorporation in the host matrix. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microstructure of all powders consists of agglomerations of nanorods, which are around 17 +/- 3 nm in diameter and length ranging from 100 nm to 300 nm. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements have indicated the presence of Mn2+ in isolated species, but also as agglomerates. Ce3+ and Mn2+ doping of LaPO4 resulted also in a decrease of the band gap up to 4.70 eV compared to the un-doped sample. Because of an energy transfer effect from Ce3+ to Mn2+ ions, green emission of Mn2+ ions at around 550 nm was observed upon 275 nm excitation.

Melt spun ribbons of Mn53Al45C2 and Mn52Al46C2 have been synthesized by rapid quenching of the melt with the purpose of monitoring the epsilon-tau phase transformation to show technologically feasible ways to increase magnetic parameters and to illustrate the viability of these alloys as the next generation of rare earth (RE)-free magnets. By differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), activation energies and temperatures of onset of the epsilon-tau phase transformation were obtained. Structural analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the resulting XRD patterns were quantitatively assessed using full profile Rietveld-type analysis. Appropriate annealing was performed in order to enable the epsilon-tau phase transformation. While hcp epsilon-phase was found to be predominant in the as-cast samples, after appropriate annealing, the tetragonal tau-phase, the one that furnishes the relevant magnetic response, was found to be predominant with an abundance of about 90%. The data suggested a mechanism of hcp epsilon-phase decomposition controlled by the segregation towards the interfacial regions, having the rate of transformation governed by antiphase boundary diffusion processes. Magnetic measurements of annealed sample Mn53Al45C2, consisting of predominant tetragonal tau-phase, showed high values of magnetization and increased coercivity, consistent with an energy product of about 10 MGOe, similar with previously reported magnetization measurements, providing further insight into the realization of future class of RE-free low-cost permanent magnets.

Photodegradation of the aqueous solutions of acetylsalicylic acid, in the absence (ASA) and the presence of excipients (ASE), is demonstrated by the photoluminescence (PL). A shift of the PL bands from 342 and 338 nm to 358 and 361-397 nm for ASA and ASE in solid state and as aqueous solutions was reported. By exposure of the solution of ASA 0.3 M to UV light, a decrease in the PL band intensity was highlighted. This behavior was revealed for ASA in the presence of phosphate buffer (PB) having the pH equal to 6.4, 7, and 8 or by the interaction with NaOH 0.3 M. A different behavior was reported in the case of ASE. In the presence of PB, an increase in the intensity of the PL band of ASE simultaneously with a change of the ratio between the intensities of the bands at 361-364 and 394-397 nm was highlighted. The differences between PL spectra of ASA and ASE have their origin in the presence of salicylic acid (SAL). The interaction of ASE with NaOH induces a shift of the PL band at 405-407 nm. Arguments for the reaction of ASA with NaOH are shown by Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy.

Six compounds of the types [M(dmbg)(2)]center dot nH(2)O ((1) M: Ni, n = 0; (4) M: Cu, n = 1; Hdmbg: N,N '-dimethylbiguanide) and, respectively, [ML]center dot nH(2)O (where (2) M: Ni, L: L-1, n = 0; (3) M: Ni, L: L-2, n = 0; (5) M: Cu, L: L-1, n = 0 and (6) M: Cu, L: L-2, n = 3, H2L1: ligand resulted from the condensation of (1) with ammonia and formaldehyde and H2L2: ligand resulted from the condensation of (4) with hydrazine and formaldehyde) were characterized as mononuclear species through information provided by NMR, electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry. All data are consistent with macrocyclic formation by condensation. The complexes adopt a distorted square planar geometry resulting from the chelating behaviour of the corresponding ligands. The EPR spectra recorded after the addition of Cu(II) complexes into the corresponding Ni(II) complexes show a well resolved hyperfine structure with the superhyperfine pattern corresponding to four nitrogen atom donors. The cathodically shift of E-pc2 for both series can be correlated with the increased stability of the M(I) species through macrocyclic ligands. Geometry optimization studies for complexes (2), (3), (5) and (6) have further confirmed the experimental data. The pharmacokinetic computational results indicate that the complexes exhibit medium to low intestinal absorption and slow blood-brain barrier permeability but low toxicity. Their predictive pharmacodynamic profiles show that the compounds present the ability to inhibit protease activity. By corroborating the results of the in silico analysis with the experimental ones, the most promising complexes for antimicrobial applications are (1) and (2) and, respectively, (4) and (6) for the development of novel antitumour strategies.

Pottery vessels made of kaolin clay from the Roman Period (2nd, 3rd centuries CE) found in Romula (Re?ca village, Olt County, Romania) from Dacia Inferior (Malvensis) were investigated by petrographic, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and mechanical tests. Our results are compared with available data on kaolin clays and pottery vessels from other sites located along the lower course of Danube river and near the Black Sea, namely in Moesia Superior, Moesia Inferior, and Thracia. Archeological and geographical contexts are addressed. Results of our analysis suggest a local production of ceramics in Romula, by using raw materials from the north of Lower Danube, in opposition to the idea that kaolin ware was imported from the provinces south of the Danube.

This work focuses on the investigation of the liquid crystalline behavior and luminescence properties of the lanthanide complexes of Eu(III), Sm(III) and Tb(III) with N-biphenyl-alkylated-4-pyridone ligands. The organic ligands having a biphenyl group attached via a long flexible spacer with either 9 or 10 carbon atoms were synthesized by the reaction between 4-hydroxypyridine and the corresponding bromide compounds. The chemical structures of the organic and lanthanide complexes were assigned based on elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, H-1, C-13 NMR and IR spectroscopies, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The X-ray diffraction analysis of a parent compound shows that the lanthanide ions are surrounded by three monodentate pyridone ligands and three bidentate nitrate ions, giving a 9-coordinate environment. The mesogenic behavior and the type of liquid crystalline phases exhibited by the new complexes were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Only the lanthanide complexes with longer spacer (10) display a monotropic SmA phase, typically on a short thermal range (less than 10 degrees C). The complexes with shorter flexible chains (9) show no liquid crystalline properties with melting temperatures lower than their analogs with longer spacers. The emission spectra recorded in solid state at room temperatures show typical emission bands for each lanthanide ion employed (Eu(III), Tb(III) and Sm(III)).