National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

Electric-field-induced transformations are studied experimentally in cube-on-cube-type epitaxial film of relaxor ferroelectric (FE) PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 grown on (001) MgO substrate. The dielectric response, polarization, and current are measured along the out-of-plane < 100 > direction of the film and analyzed as a function of temperature, frequency, and applied field. Compared to the < 100 > crystal, transformation of the low-temperature relaxor state to a new state in the (001) film takes place at considerably lower temperatures and larger fields. Based on the found bisigmoidal shape and the two scaling regimes of the current-voltage curves, the two corresponding electric-field-induced processes are suggested to be dipolar flips and flow of a phase boundary in the film. The field-induced state in the film is dynamic and unstable, and it differs from the field-induced FE state in the crystal. The robustness of the relaxor state to electric field in the film is discussed in relation to spatial anisotropy of the dipolar system in the (001) film.

Additional pinning generated by magnetic nanoparticles which were created or inserted within polycrystalline MgB2 superconductor is analyzed. The composites were built in two ways: (i) ceramization of polysiloxane-co-ferrocene based copolymers and (ii) insertion of coated nanoparticles. The composites present two types of pinning: core pinning based on the variation of the superconducting parameter when a non-superconducting particle is present and a magnetic pinning resulting from the interaction of the screening currents around the particle and the flux line. All samples show a consistent improvement of the critical current density when the magnetic moment of the sample in normal state is finite but small, showing a maximum for a magnetic moment of 0.015 emu/cm(3). A tentative description of the effect of magnetic pinning is presented in the framework of the collective pinning. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

We report on realization of buried waveguides in Nd: YAG ceramic media by direct femtosecond-laser writing technique and investigate the waveguides laser emission characteristics under the pump with fiber-coupled diode lasers. Laser pulses at 1.06 mu m with energy of 2.8 mJ for the pump with pulses of 13.1-mJ energy and continuous-wave output power of 0.49 W with overall optical efficiency of 0.13 were obtained from a 100-mu m diameter circular cladding waveguide realized in a 0.7-at.% Nd: YAG ceramic. A circular waveguide of 50-mu m diameter yielded laser pulses at 1.3 mu m with 1.2-mJ energy. (c) 2014 Optical Society of America

Epitaxial TiC films were deposited on MgO (001) by DC magnetron sputtering in a reactive atmosphere of Ar and CH4 at 800 degrees C. The films elemental composition and chemical bonding was investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy (AE5), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The crystallographic structure, investigated by X-ray diffraction, exhibited an increased degree of (001) orientation with the film thickness, with a cube-on-cube epitaxial relationship with the substrate. The films morphology and electrical properties were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Hall measurements in Van der Pauw geometry. The influences of the film thickness (57-545 nm) on the morphological and electrical properties were investigated. The thinnest film presented the lowest resistivity, 160 [152, cm, showing an atomically flat surface, while higher values were obtained for the thicker films, explained by their different morphology dominated by low aspect ratio nanoislands/ nanocolumns. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Novel complexes of M2LCl4 center dot nH(2)O type (M:Ni, n = 4; M:Cu, n = 3 and M:Zn, n = 0; L: ligand resulted from 1,4-phenylenediamine, 3,6-diazaoctane-1,8-diamine and formaldehyde one-pot condensation) were synthesized and characterised by microanalytical, ESI-MS, IR, UV-Vis, H-1 NMR and EPR spectra, magnetic data at room temperature and molar conductivities as well. The electrochemical behaviour of complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Simultaneous TG/DTA measurements were performed in order to evidence the thermal behaviour of the obtained complexes. Processes such as water elimination, fragmentation and oxidative degradation of the organic ligand as well as chloride elimination occurred during thermal decomposition. The antimicrobial assays demonstrate that the compounds exhibited good antibacterial activity, especially against S. aureus and E. coli strains, the most active being the copper(II) complex, which also exhibited the most prominent anti-biofilm effect, suggesting its potential use for the development of new antimicrobial agents. The biological activity was correlated with log P (ow) values. All complexes disrupt the membrane integrity of HCT 8 tumour cells.

Boron carbide ceramic was prepared by reactive Spark Plasma Sintering under N-2-atmosphere and for different heating times and maximum pressure regimes. Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB), indentation, XRD and microscopy measurements were performed for samples characterization. It is shown that SHPB toughness control depending on SPS regime is possible and the main reason is introduction of nitrogen into B4C ceramic. Complex relationships between processing conditions, sintering mechanism, material's specifics, static and dynamic mechanical properties are discussed. Improvement of dynamic toughness is through mechanisms resembling those working for static load conditions such as cracks deflection and pull out, but there are also significant differences. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.

The objective of this study was to obtain graphene oxide starting from graphite and to covalently functionalize this nanomaterial with Cisplatin. The presence of the drug was pointed out using different methods like FTIR Spectroscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), RAMAN Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Silicon substrates were irradiated at normal incidence with a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser (Quatronix, 90 fs pulse duration, 1 kHz repetition rate, M-2 similar to 1.2, maximum energy peak 350 mJ) operating at a wavelength of 400 nm and focused via a microscope objective (Newport; UV Objective Model, 37x 0.11 N.A.). The laser scanning was assisted by liquids precursors media such as methanol and 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane. By altering the processing parameters, such as incident laser energy, scanning speed, and different irradiation media, various surface structures were produced on areas with 1 mm 2 dimensions. We analyzed the dependence of the surface morphology on laser pulse energy, scanning speed and irradiation media. Well ordered areas are developed without imposing any boundary conditions for the capillary waves that coarsens the ripple pattern. To assess biomaterial-driven cell adhesion response we investigated actin filaments organization and cell morphological changes following growth onto processed silicon substrates. Our study of bone cell progenitor interaction with laser nanoprocessed silicon lines has shown that cells anchor mainly to contact points along the nanostructured surface. Consequently, actin filaments are stretched towards the 15 mu m wide parallel lines increasing lateral cell spreading and changing the bipolar shape of mesenchymal stem cells.

New complexes ML(CNS)center dot nH(2)O [M = Ni, n = 0.5; M = Cu, n = 4.5; M = Zn, n = 0.5, HL: 6-mercapto-(1,4,8,11-tetraazaundecanyl)-6-carboxylic acid)] have been synthesised, chemical analysed, and characterised by different spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV-Vis-NIR, H-1 NMR, EPR, ESI-MS), and magnetic measurements. Based on the IR spectra a dinuclear structure with the 1,3-CSN coordination was proposed for Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The dinuclear structure of Cu(II) complex is also consistent with both magnetic behaviour and EPR spectrum. According to TG, DTG and DTA curves the thermal transformations are complex processes, including dehydration, Mannich base oxidative degradation and thiocyanate decomposition. The final product of decomposition is the most stable metallic oxide, as XRD data indicates. The new complexes were also screened for their microbicidal and antibiofilm properties.