National Institute Of Materials Physics - Romania

In this work, the architecture of ZnO particles was found to be changed from nano-whiskers to flowers via the addition of fullerenes in the reaction mixture consisting of zinc chloride, sodium hydroxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The change in the morphological structure of ZnO particles is accompanied by a decrease in the photoluminescence (PL) intensity and the appearance of a new Raman line at 1594 cm(-1) that indicates the formation of the compound ZnC60. The growth of the ZnO flower-like particles occurs simultaneously with an aggregation process of C-60 in highly ordered structures, as evidenced in the Raman spectrum by a line at 2934 cm I. A mechanism for the growth of the ZnO flower-like particles is proposed in this work. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

TiSiC-Ni coatings, with Ni as alloying element, were prepared on Si, C 45, and 316 L steel substrates by cathodic arc technique in a reactive atmosphere of CH4. The coatings, with three different Ni contents (3.2, 6.8 and 16.2 at.%), were investigated in terms of microchemical and microstructural properties, mechanical characteristics and tribological performance using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, hardness and adhesion measurements, and ball-on disc tribological testing. The coatings were found to consist of a mixture of different phases: face-centred cubic crystalline carbide, metallic Ni, and amorphous Si and C, with relative amounts depending on Ni concentration. All of the coatings exhibited dense and featureless morphologies. Ni addition to TiSiC coatings led to residual stress reduction (from -0.50 to -0.59 GPa) and improved adhesion strength (in the range 44-46 N). The TiSiC-Ni coatings with Ni contents below 7 at.% exhibited the best tribological properties under dry conditions (friction coefficients of similar to 0.32; wear rates from 3.16 to 3.66 x 10(-6) mm(3) N-1 m(-1)).

Ferroelectric/electric properties of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on two different substrates, Si (001) and SrTiO3 (STO) (001), were comparatively analyzed. The structural characterization has revealed the epitaxial relationship between the grown layers and the two types of substrates, with larger density of structural defects for the films deposited on Si (001) with buffer STO layer. The ferroelectric/electric properties are also different, with lower remnant polarization (about half of the value obtained on STO substrate), higher dielectric constant (about two times larger), and lower leakage current (about two orders of magnitude lower) for the PZT films deposited on Si (001) compared to those deposited on (001) STO substrates. Nevertheless, the results show that the use of a STO buffer layer on Si can be a solution to obtain good quality PZT capacitor structures without using expensive single-crystal oxide substrates. In this way, applications based on PZT capacitors (e.g. non-volatile memories, pyroelectric detectors, light switches, etc.) would be more easily integrated directly on Si wafers.

Ca3-xBaxCo4O9 bulk polycrystalline thermoelectric ceramics with x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 have been prepared through a classical solid state method. Microstructural characterizations of sintered samples have shown that Ba has been incorporated into the Ca3Co4O9 and/or Ca3Co2O6 structures and that no Ba-based secondary phases have been produced. The apparent density values increase when the amount of barium is raised with respect to the undoped samples, reaching a maximum value of around 77 % of the Ca3Co4O9 theoretical density, for samples with the highest amount of barium. Electrical resistivity of doped samples decreases in the whole measured temperature range with respect to the undoped ones, while Seebeck coefficient remains practically unchanged. In conclusion, the improvement in resistivity leads to power factor values which are higher than the ones measured in undoped samples, fact which makes this bulk polycrystalline compound a promising candidate for high-temperature power generation applications in oxidative environments.

Hard carbon thin films were synthesized on Si (100) and quartz substrates by the Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) technique in vacuum or methane ambient to study their suitability for applications requiring high mechanical resistance. The deposited films' surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, crystalline status by X-ray diffraction, packing and density by X-ray reflectivity, chemical bonding by Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, adherence by pull-out measurements and mechanical properties by nanoindentation tests. Films synthesized in vacuum were a-C DLC type, while films synthesized in methane were categorized as a-C:H. The majority of PLD films consisted of two layers: one low density layer towards the surface and a higher density layer in contact with the substrate. The deposition gas pressure played a crucial role on films thickness, component layers thickness ratio, structure and mechanical properties. The films were smooth, amorphous and composed of a mixture of sp(3)-sp(2) carbon, with sp(3) content ranging between 50% and 90%. The thickness and density of the two constituent layers of a film directly determined its mechanical properties.

The recovery of the catalysts from the reaction mixture and their recycling is important goals of the current applied catalysis. The stringent ecological and economical demands for sustainability made this concern even more important for the solid catalysts used in the area of biomass catalytic transformations where the raw material usually is not soluble in most of the organic solvents. Therefore, the solid catalyst cannot be easily separated from the mixture of untransformed raw material and by-products (e. g., humines). However, these goals can be achieved by using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based catalysts. This study reports on the magnetic response of two types of new magnetic nanocomposite catalytic systems, Ru@MNP and Nb@AlF3, used in the synthesis of sorbitol/glycerol and of lactic acid, respectively, by direct cellulose degradation. The results showed that the recovering possibilities of the Nb@AlF3 catalysts, with a weaker magnetic response associated to the so called diluted magnetic oxide systems, are much diminished as compared to Ru@MNP, where the magnetic response is generated using MNP supported catalysts. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

In this study we aimed to evaluate the biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of kanamycin functionalized 5 nm-magnetite (Fe3O(4)@ KAN) nanoparticles thin films deposited by Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique. A laser deposition regime was established in order to stoichiometrically transfer Fe3O4@ KAN thin films on silicone and glass substrates. Morphological and physico-chemical properties of powders and coatings were characterized by XRD, TEM, SEM, AFM and IR microscopy(IRM). Our nanostructured thin films have proved efficiency in the prevention of microbial adhesion and mature biofilms development as a result of antibiotic release in its active form. Furthermore, kanamycin functionalized nanostructures exhibit a good biocompatibility, both in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating their potential for implants application. This is the first study reporting the assessment of the in vivo biocompatibility of a magnetite-antimicrobial thin films produced by MAPLE technique. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Herein, we investigate the emission properties of Er - BiOCl in the range of similar to 500 to 1700 nm under down - (488 and 973 nm) and NIR (telecom - wavelength at similar to 1500 nm) up - conversion excitation as well high energy X-ray excitation. The dependencies of red (similar to 670 nm) and NIR (similar to 800 nm) to green emission (similar to 543 nm) ratio with Er concentration, excitation mode and delay after laser pulse as well as the up - conversion excitation spectra and decays are analyzed in terms of competitive ground state absorption/excited state absorption and energy transfer up - conversion mechanisms. The CIE chromaticity diagram show single excitation (similar to 1500 nm), delay induced emission color change from yellowish green (delay of 0.001 ms) to reddish orange (delay of 1 ms). The X-ray induced emission of Er - BiOCl presents an atypical red to green emission ratio that exceeds that measured under optical down - conversion excitation by a factor of 13. The potential of Er - BiOCl for optical/X-ray imaging applications is discussed. (C)2015 Optical Society of America

Although a great number of antibiotics are currently available, they are often rendered ineffective by the ability of microbial strains to develop genetic resistance and to grow in biofilms. Since many antimicrobial agents poorly penetrate biofilms, biofilm-associated infections often require high concentrations of antimicrobial agents for effective treatment. Among the various strategies that may be used to inhibit microbial biofilms, one strategy that has generated significant interest involves the use of bioactive surfaces that are resistant to microbial colonization. In this respect, we used matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) involving a pulsed KrF* excimer laser source (lambda = 248 nm, tau = 25 ns, nu = 10 Hz) to obtain thin composite biopolymeric films containing natural (flavonoid) or synthetic (antibiotic) compounds as bioactive substances. Chemical composition and film structures were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Films morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The antimicrobial assay of the microbial biofilms formed on these films was assessed by the viable cell counts method. The flavonoid-containing thin films showed increased resistance to microbial colonization, highlighting their potential to be used for the design of anti-biofilm surfaces. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The inhibiting action of O-ethyl-S-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-diiodophenyl)-2-oxoethylxantogenate (EHDO) on the oxidation of FeS in air-saturated solutions at pH 1.3 and 25 degrees C was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. The uninhibited and inhibited surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that EHDO acts as an anodic inhibitor. Also, it was found that the corrosion of Fe(0) is slower than the oxidative dissolution of uninhibited FeS but faster than the oxidative dissolution of inhibited FeS. This behavior makes EHDO a potential inhibitor of the corrosion of Fe(0) when covered by FeS. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.